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AdrienLSH
2023-11-23 16:43:30 +01:00
parent fd19180e1d
commit f29003c66a
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srcs/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/views/__init__.py Normal file
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from django.views.generic.base import View
__all__ = ["View"]

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from django.conf import settings
from django.http import HttpResponseForbidden
from django.template import Context, Engine, TemplateDoesNotExist, loader
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.utils.version import get_docs_version
# We include the template inline since we need to be able to reliably display
# this error message, especially for the sake of developers, and there isn't any
# other way of making it available independent of what is in the settings file.
# Only the text appearing with DEBUG=False is translated. Normal translation
# tags cannot be used with this inline templates as makemessages would not be
# able to discover the strings.
CSRF_FAILURE_TEMPLATE = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE">
<title>403 Forbidden</title>
<style type="text/css">
html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
body * { padding:10px 20px; }
body * * { padding:0; }
body { font:small sans-serif; background:#eee; color:#000; }
body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
h1 { font-weight:normal; margin-bottom:.4em; }
h1 span { font-size:60%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }
#info { background:#f6f6f6; }
#info ul { margin: 0.5em 4em; }
#info p, #summary p { padding-top:10px; }
#summary { background: #ffc; }
#explanation { background:#eee; border-bottom: 0px none; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="summary">
<h1>{{ title }} <span>(403)</span></h1>
<p>{{ main }}</p>
{% if no_referer %}
<p>{{ no_referer1 }}</p>
<p>{{ no_referer2 }}</p>
<p>{{ no_referer3 }}</p>
{% endif %}
{% if no_cookie %}
<p>{{ no_cookie1 }}</p>
<p>{{ no_cookie2 }}</p>
{% endif %}
</div>
{% if DEBUG %}
<div id="info">
<h2>Help</h2>
{% if reason %}
<p>Reason given for failure:</p>
<pre>
{{ reason }}
</pre>
{% endif %}
<p>In general, this can occur when there is a genuine Cross Site Request Forgery, or when
<a
href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/{{ docs_version }}/ref/csrf/">Django’s
CSRF mechanism</a> has not been used correctly. For POST forms, you need to
ensure:</p>
<ul>
<li>Your browser is accepting cookies.</li>
<li>The view function passes a <code>request</code> to the template’s <a
href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/templates/#django.template.backends.base.Template.render"><code>render</code></a>
method.</li>
<li>In the template, there is a <code>{% templatetag openblock %} csrf_token
{% templatetag closeblock %}</code> template tag inside each POST form that
targets an internal URL.</li>
<li>If you are not using <code>CsrfViewMiddleware</code>, then you must use
<code>csrf_protect</code> on any views that use the <code>csrf_token</code>
template tag, as well as those that accept the POST data.</li>
<li>The form has a valid CSRF token. After logging in in another browser
tab or hitting the back button after a login, you may need to reload the
page with the form, because the token is rotated after a login.</li>
</ul>
<p>You’re seeing the help section of this page because you have <code>DEBUG =
True</code> in your Django settings file. Change that to <code>False</code>,
and only the initial error message will be displayed. </p>
<p>You can customize this page using the CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW setting.</p>
</div>
{% else %}
<div id="explanation">
<p><small>{{ more }}</small></p>
</div>
{% endif %}
</body>
</html>
""" # NOQA
CSRF_FAILURE_TEMPLATE_NAME = "403_csrf.html"
def csrf_failure(request, reason="", template_name=CSRF_FAILURE_TEMPLATE_NAME):
"""
Default view used when request fails CSRF protection
"""
from django.middleware.csrf import REASON_NO_CSRF_COOKIE, REASON_NO_REFERER
c = {
"title": _("Forbidden"),
"main": _("CSRF verification failed. Request aborted."),
"reason": reason,
"no_referer": reason == REASON_NO_REFERER,
"no_referer1": _(
"You are seeing this message because this HTTPS site requires a "
"“Referer header” to be sent by your web browser, but none was "
"sent. This header is required for security reasons, to ensure "
"that your browser is not being hijacked by third parties."
),
"no_referer2": _(
"If you have configured your browser to disable “Referer” headers, "
"please re-enable them, at least for this site, or for HTTPS "
"connections, or for “same-origin” requests."
),
"no_referer3": _(
'If you are using the <meta name="referrer" '
'content="no-referrer"> tag or including the “Referrer-Policy: '
"no-referrer” header, please remove them. The CSRF protection "
"requires the “Referer” header to do strict referer checking. If "
"you’re concerned about privacy, use alternatives like "
'<a rel="noreferrer" …> for links to third-party sites.'
),
"no_cookie": reason == REASON_NO_CSRF_COOKIE,
"no_cookie1": _(
"You are seeing this message because this site requires a CSRF "
"cookie when submitting forms. This cookie is required for "
"security reasons, to ensure that your browser is not being "
"hijacked by third parties."
),
"no_cookie2": _(
"If you have configured your browser to disable cookies, please "
"re-enable them, at least for this site, or for “same-origin” "
"requests."
),
"DEBUG": settings.DEBUG,
"docs_version": get_docs_version(),
"more": _("More information is available with DEBUG=True."),
}
try:
t = loader.get_template(template_name)
except TemplateDoesNotExist:
if template_name == CSRF_FAILURE_TEMPLATE_NAME:
# If the default template doesn't exist, use the string template.
t = Engine().from_string(CSRF_FAILURE_TEMPLATE)
c = Context(c)
else:
# Raise if a developer-specified template doesn't exist.
raise
return HttpResponseForbidden(t.render(c))

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import functools
import itertools
import re
import sys
import types
import warnings
from pathlib import Path
from django.conf import settings
from django.http import Http404, HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotFound
from django.template import Context, Engine, TemplateDoesNotExist
from django.template.defaultfilters import pprint
from django.urls import resolve
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils.datastructures import MultiValueDict
from django.utils.encoding import force_str
from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
from django.utils.regex_helper import _lazy_re_compile
from django.utils.version import PY311, get_docs_version
# Minimal Django templates engine to render the error templates
# regardless of the project's TEMPLATES setting. Templates are
# read directly from the filesystem so that the error handler
# works even if the template loader is broken.
DEBUG_ENGINE = Engine(
debug=True,
libraries={"i18n": "django.templatetags.i18n"},
)
def builtin_template_path(name):
"""
Return a path to a builtin template.
Avoid calling this function at the module level or in a class-definition
because __file__ may not exist, e.g. in frozen environments.
"""
return Path(__file__).parent / "templates" / name
class ExceptionCycleWarning(UserWarning):
pass
class CallableSettingWrapper:
"""
Object to wrap callable appearing in settings.
* Not to call in the debug page (#21345).
* Not to break the debug page if the callable forbidding to set attributes
(#23070).
"""
def __init__(self, callable_setting):
self._wrapped = callable_setting
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self._wrapped)
def technical_500_response(request, exc_type, exc_value, tb, status_code=500):
"""
Create a technical server error response. The last three arguments are
the values returned from sys.exc_info() and friends.
"""
reporter = get_exception_reporter_class(request)(request, exc_type, exc_value, tb)
if request.accepts("text/html"):
html = reporter.get_traceback_html()
return HttpResponse(html, status=status_code)
else:
text = reporter.get_traceback_text()
return HttpResponse(
text, status=status_code, content_type="text/plain; charset=utf-8"
)
@functools.lru_cache
def get_default_exception_reporter_filter():
# Instantiate the default filter for the first time and cache it.
return import_string(settings.DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER_FILTER)()
def get_exception_reporter_filter(request):
default_filter = get_default_exception_reporter_filter()
return getattr(request, "exception_reporter_filter", default_filter)
def get_exception_reporter_class(request):
default_exception_reporter_class = import_string(
settings.DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER
)
return getattr(
request, "exception_reporter_class", default_exception_reporter_class
)
def get_caller(request):
resolver_match = request.resolver_match
if resolver_match is None:
try:
resolver_match = resolve(request.path)
except Http404:
pass
return "" if resolver_match is None else resolver_match._func_path
class SafeExceptionReporterFilter:
"""
Use annotations made by the sensitive_post_parameters and
sensitive_variables decorators to filter out sensitive information.
"""
cleansed_substitute = "********************"
hidden_settings = _lazy_re_compile(
"API|TOKEN|KEY|SECRET|PASS|SIGNATURE|HTTP_COOKIE", flags=re.I
)
def cleanse_setting(self, key, value):
"""
Cleanse an individual setting key/value of sensitive content. If the
value is a dictionary, recursively cleanse the keys in that dictionary.
"""
if key == settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME:
is_sensitive = True
else:
try:
is_sensitive = self.hidden_settings.search(key)
except TypeError:
is_sensitive = False
if is_sensitive:
cleansed = self.cleansed_substitute
elif isinstance(value, dict):
cleansed = {k: self.cleanse_setting(k, v) for k, v in value.items()}
elif isinstance(value, list):
cleansed = [self.cleanse_setting("", v) for v in value]
elif isinstance(value, tuple):
cleansed = tuple([self.cleanse_setting("", v) for v in value])
else:
cleansed = value
if callable(cleansed):
cleansed = CallableSettingWrapper(cleansed)
return cleansed
def get_safe_settings(self):
"""
Return a dictionary of the settings module with values of sensitive
settings replaced with stars (*********).
"""
settings_dict = {}
for k in dir(settings):
if k.isupper():
settings_dict[k] = self.cleanse_setting(k, getattr(settings, k))
return settings_dict
def get_safe_request_meta(self, request):
"""
Return a dictionary of request.META with sensitive values redacted.
"""
if not hasattr(request, "META"):
return {}
return {k: self.cleanse_setting(k, v) for k, v in request.META.items()}
def get_safe_cookies(self, request):
"""
Return a dictionary of request.COOKIES with sensitive values redacted.
"""
if not hasattr(request, "COOKIES"):
return {}
return {k: self.cleanse_setting(k, v) for k, v in request.COOKIES.items()}
def is_active(self, request):
"""
This filter is to add safety in production environments (i.e. DEBUG
is False). If DEBUG is True then your site is not safe anyway.
This hook is provided as a convenience to easily activate or
deactivate the filter on a per request basis.
"""
return settings.DEBUG is False
def get_cleansed_multivaluedict(self, request, multivaluedict):
"""
Replace the keys in a MultiValueDict marked as sensitive with stars.
This mitigates leaking sensitive POST parameters if something like
request.POST['nonexistent_key'] throws an exception (#21098).
"""
sensitive_post_parameters = getattr(request, "sensitive_post_parameters", [])
if self.is_active(request) and sensitive_post_parameters:
multivaluedict = multivaluedict.copy()
for param in sensitive_post_parameters:
if param in multivaluedict:
multivaluedict[param] = self.cleansed_substitute
return multivaluedict
def get_post_parameters(self, request):
"""
Replace the values of POST parameters marked as sensitive with
stars (*********).
"""
if request is None:
return {}
else:
sensitive_post_parameters = getattr(
request, "sensitive_post_parameters", []
)
if self.is_active(request) and sensitive_post_parameters:
cleansed = request.POST.copy()
if sensitive_post_parameters == "__ALL__":
# Cleanse all parameters.
for k in cleansed:
cleansed[k] = self.cleansed_substitute
return cleansed
else:
# Cleanse only the specified parameters.
for param in sensitive_post_parameters:
if param in cleansed:
cleansed[param] = self.cleansed_substitute
return cleansed
else:
return request.POST
def cleanse_special_types(self, request, value):
try:
# If value is lazy or a complex object of another kind, this check
# might raise an exception. isinstance checks that lazy
# MultiValueDicts will have a return value.
is_multivalue_dict = isinstance(value, MultiValueDict)
except Exception as e:
return "{!r} while evaluating {!r}".format(e, value)
if is_multivalue_dict:
# Cleanse MultiValueDicts (request.POST is the one we usually care about)
value = self.get_cleansed_multivaluedict(request, value)
return value
def get_traceback_frame_variables(self, request, tb_frame):
"""
Replace the values of variables marked as sensitive with
stars (*********).
"""
# Loop through the frame's callers to see if the sensitive_variables
# decorator was used.
current_frame = tb_frame.f_back
sensitive_variables = None
while current_frame is not None:
if (
current_frame.f_code.co_name == "sensitive_variables_wrapper"
and "sensitive_variables_wrapper" in current_frame.f_locals
):
# The sensitive_variables decorator was used, so we take note
# of the sensitive variables' names.
wrapper = current_frame.f_locals["sensitive_variables_wrapper"]
sensitive_variables = getattr(wrapper, "sensitive_variables", None)
break
current_frame = current_frame.f_back
cleansed = {}
if self.is_active(request) and sensitive_variables:
if sensitive_variables == "__ALL__":
# Cleanse all variables
for name in tb_frame.f_locals:
cleansed[name] = self.cleansed_substitute
else:
# Cleanse specified variables
for name, value in tb_frame.f_locals.items():
if name in sensitive_variables:
value = self.cleansed_substitute
else:
value = self.cleanse_special_types(request, value)
cleansed[name] = value
else:
# Potentially cleanse the request and any MultiValueDicts if they
# are one of the frame variables.
for name, value in tb_frame.f_locals.items():
cleansed[name] = self.cleanse_special_types(request, value)
if (
tb_frame.f_code.co_name == "sensitive_variables_wrapper"
and "sensitive_variables_wrapper" in tb_frame.f_locals
):
# For good measure, obfuscate the decorated function's arguments in
# the sensitive_variables decorator's frame, in case the variables
# associated with those arguments were meant to be obfuscated from
# the decorated function's frame.
cleansed["func_args"] = self.cleansed_substitute
cleansed["func_kwargs"] = self.cleansed_substitute
return cleansed.items()
class ExceptionReporter:
"""Organize and coordinate reporting on exceptions."""
@property
def html_template_path(self):
return builtin_template_path("technical_500.html")
@property
def text_template_path(self):
return builtin_template_path("technical_500.txt")
def __init__(self, request, exc_type, exc_value, tb, is_email=False):
self.request = request
self.filter = get_exception_reporter_filter(self.request)
self.exc_type = exc_type
self.exc_value = exc_value
self.tb = tb
self.is_email = is_email
self.template_info = getattr(self.exc_value, "template_debug", None)
self.template_does_not_exist = False
self.postmortem = None
def _get_raw_insecure_uri(self):
"""
Return an absolute URI from variables available in this request. Skip
allowed hosts protection, so may return insecure URI.
"""
return "{scheme}://{host}{path}".format(
scheme=self.request.scheme,
host=self.request._get_raw_host(),
path=self.request.get_full_path(),
)
def get_traceback_data(self):
"""Return a dictionary containing traceback information."""
if self.exc_type and issubclass(self.exc_type, TemplateDoesNotExist):
self.template_does_not_exist = True
self.postmortem = self.exc_value.chain or [self.exc_value]
frames = self.get_traceback_frames()
for i, frame in enumerate(frames):
if "vars" in frame:
frame_vars = []
for k, v in frame["vars"]:
v = pprint(v)
# Trim large blobs of data
if len(v) > 4096:
v = "%s… <trimmed %d bytes string>" % (v[0:4096], len(v))
frame_vars.append((k, v))
frame["vars"] = frame_vars
frames[i] = frame
unicode_hint = ""
if self.exc_type and issubclass(self.exc_type, UnicodeError):
start = getattr(self.exc_value, "start", None)
end = getattr(self.exc_value, "end", None)
if start is not None and end is not None:
unicode_str = self.exc_value.args[1]
unicode_hint = force_str(
unicode_str[max(start - 5, 0) : min(end + 5, len(unicode_str))],
"ascii",
errors="replace",
)
from django import get_version
if self.request is None:
user_str = None
else:
try:
user_str = str(self.request.user)
except Exception:
# request.user may raise OperationalError if the database is
# unavailable, for example.
user_str = "[unable to retrieve the current user]"
c = {
"is_email": self.is_email,
"unicode_hint": unicode_hint,
"frames": frames,
"request": self.request,
"request_meta": self.filter.get_safe_request_meta(self.request),
"request_COOKIES_items": self.filter.get_safe_cookies(self.request).items(),
"user_str": user_str,
"filtered_POST_items": list(
self.filter.get_post_parameters(self.request).items()
),
"settings": self.filter.get_safe_settings(),
"sys_executable": sys.executable,
"sys_version_info": "%d.%d.%d" % sys.version_info[0:3],
"server_time": timezone.now(),
"django_version_info": get_version(),
"sys_path": sys.path,
"template_info": self.template_info,
"template_does_not_exist": self.template_does_not_exist,
"postmortem": self.postmortem,
}
if self.request is not None:
c["request_GET_items"] = self.request.GET.items()
c["request_FILES_items"] = self.request.FILES.items()
c["request_insecure_uri"] = self._get_raw_insecure_uri()
c["raising_view_name"] = get_caller(self.request)
# Check whether exception info is available
if self.exc_type:
c["exception_type"] = self.exc_type.__name__
if self.exc_value:
c["exception_value"] = str(self.exc_value)
if exc_notes := getattr(self.exc_value, "__notes__", None):
c["exception_notes"] = "\n" + "\n".join(exc_notes)
if frames:
c["lastframe"] = frames[-1]
return c
def get_traceback_html(self):
"""Return HTML version of debug 500 HTTP error page."""
with self.html_template_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as fh:
t = DEBUG_ENGINE.from_string(fh.read())
c = Context(self.get_traceback_data(), use_l10n=False)
return t.render(c)
def get_traceback_text(self):
"""Return plain text version of debug 500 HTTP error page."""
with self.text_template_path.open(encoding="utf-8") as fh:
t = DEBUG_ENGINE.from_string(fh.read())
c = Context(self.get_traceback_data(), autoescape=False, use_l10n=False)
return t.render(c)
def _get_source(self, filename, loader, module_name):
source = None
if hasattr(loader, "get_source"):
try:
source = loader.get_source(module_name)
except ImportError:
pass
if source is not None:
source = source.splitlines()
if source is None:
try:
with open(filename, "rb") as fp:
source = fp.read().splitlines()
except OSError:
pass
return source
def _get_lines_from_file(
self, filename, lineno, context_lines, loader=None, module_name=None
):
"""
Return context_lines before and after lineno from file.
Return (pre_context_lineno, pre_context, context_line, post_context).
"""
source = self._get_source(filename, loader, module_name)
if source is None:
return None, [], None, []
# If we just read the source from a file, or if the loader did not
# apply tokenize.detect_encoding to decode the source into a
# string, then we should do that ourselves.
if isinstance(source[0], bytes):
encoding = "ascii"
for line in source[:2]:
# File coding may be specified. Match pattern from PEP-263
# (https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/)
match = re.search(rb"coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)", line)
if match:
encoding = match[1].decode("ascii")
break
source = [str(sline, encoding, "replace") for sline in source]
lower_bound = max(0, lineno - context_lines)
upper_bound = lineno + context_lines
try:
pre_context = source[lower_bound:lineno]
context_line = source[lineno]
post_context = source[lineno + 1 : upper_bound]
except IndexError:
return None, [], None, []
return lower_bound, pre_context, context_line, post_context
def _get_explicit_or_implicit_cause(self, exc_value):
explicit = getattr(exc_value, "__cause__", None)
suppress_context = getattr(exc_value, "__suppress_context__", None)
implicit = getattr(exc_value, "__context__", None)
return explicit or (None if suppress_context else implicit)
def get_traceback_frames(self):
# Get the exception and all its causes
exceptions = []
exc_value = self.exc_value
while exc_value:
exceptions.append(exc_value)
exc_value = self._get_explicit_or_implicit_cause(exc_value)
if exc_value in exceptions:
warnings.warn(
"Cycle in the exception chain detected: exception '%s' "
"encountered again." % exc_value,
ExceptionCycleWarning,
)
# Avoid infinite loop if there's a cyclic reference (#29393).
break
frames = []
# No exceptions were supplied to ExceptionReporter
if not exceptions:
return frames
# In case there's just one exception, take the traceback from self.tb
exc_value = exceptions.pop()
tb = self.tb if not exceptions else exc_value.__traceback__
while True:
frames.extend(self.get_exception_traceback_frames(exc_value, tb))
try:
exc_value = exceptions.pop()
except IndexError:
break
tb = exc_value.__traceback__
return frames
def get_exception_traceback_frames(self, exc_value, tb):
exc_cause = self._get_explicit_or_implicit_cause(exc_value)
exc_cause_explicit = getattr(exc_value, "__cause__", True)
if tb is None:
yield {
"exc_cause": exc_cause,
"exc_cause_explicit": exc_cause_explicit,
"tb": None,
"type": "user",
}
while tb is not None:
# Support for __traceback_hide__ which is used by a few libraries
# to hide internal frames.
if tb.tb_frame.f_locals.get("__traceback_hide__"):
tb = tb.tb_next
continue
filename = tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_filename
function = tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_name
lineno = tb.tb_lineno - 1
loader = tb.tb_frame.f_globals.get("__loader__")
module_name = tb.tb_frame.f_globals.get("__name__") or ""
(
pre_context_lineno,
pre_context,
context_line,
post_context,
) = self._get_lines_from_file(
filename,
lineno,
7,
loader,
module_name,
)
if pre_context_lineno is None:
pre_context_lineno = lineno
pre_context = []
context_line = "<source code not available>"
post_context = []
colno = tb_area_colno = ""
if PY311:
_, _, start_column, end_column = next(
itertools.islice(
tb.tb_frame.f_code.co_positions(), tb.tb_lasti // 2, None
)
)
if start_column and end_column:
underline = "^" * (end_column - start_column)
spaces = " " * (start_column + len(str(lineno + 1)) + 2)
colno = f"\n{spaces}{underline}"
tb_area_spaces = " " * (
4
+ start_column
- (len(context_line) - len(context_line.lstrip()))
)
tb_area_colno = f"\n{tb_area_spaces}{underline}"
yield {
"exc_cause": exc_cause,
"exc_cause_explicit": exc_cause_explicit,
"tb": tb,
"type": "django" if module_name.startswith("django.") else "user",
"filename": filename,
"function": function,
"lineno": lineno + 1,
"vars": self.filter.get_traceback_frame_variables(
self.request, tb.tb_frame
),
"id": id(tb),
"pre_context": pre_context,
"context_line": context_line,
"post_context": post_context,
"pre_context_lineno": pre_context_lineno + 1,
"colno": colno,
"tb_area_colno": tb_area_colno,
}
tb = tb.tb_next
def technical_404_response(request, exception):
"""Create a technical 404 error response. `exception` is the Http404."""
try:
error_url = exception.args[0]["path"]
except (IndexError, TypeError, KeyError):
error_url = request.path_info[1:] # Trim leading slash
try:
tried = exception.args[0]["tried"]
except (IndexError, TypeError, KeyError):
resolved = True
tried = request.resolver_match.tried if request.resolver_match else None
else:
resolved = False
if not tried or ( # empty URLconf
request.path == "/"
and len(tried) == 1
and len(tried[0]) == 1 # default URLconf
and getattr(tried[0][0], "app_name", "")
== getattr(tried[0][0], "namespace", "")
== "admin"
):
return default_urlconf(request)
urlconf = getattr(request, "urlconf", settings.ROOT_URLCONF)
if isinstance(urlconf, types.ModuleType):
urlconf = urlconf.__name__
with builtin_template_path("technical_404.html").open(encoding="utf-8") as fh:
t = DEBUG_ENGINE.from_string(fh.read())
reporter_filter = get_default_exception_reporter_filter()
c = Context(
{
"urlconf": urlconf,
"root_urlconf": settings.ROOT_URLCONF,
"request_path": error_url,
"urlpatterns": tried,
"resolved": resolved,
"reason": str(exception),
"request": request,
"settings": reporter_filter.get_safe_settings(),
"raising_view_name": get_caller(request),
}
)
return HttpResponseNotFound(t.render(c))
def default_urlconf(request):
"""Create an empty URLconf 404 error response."""
with builtin_template_path("default_urlconf.html").open(encoding="utf-8") as fh:
t = DEBUG_ENGINE.from_string(fh.read())
c = Context(
{
"version": get_docs_version(),
}
)
return HttpResponse(t.render(c))

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from functools import wraps
from django.middleware.cache import CacheMiddleware
from django.utils.cache import add_never_cache_headers, patch_cache_control
from django.utils.decorators import decorator_from_middleware_with_args
def cache_page(timeout, *, cache=None, key_prefix=None):
"""
Decorator for views that tries getting the page from the cache and
populates the cache if the page isn't in the cache yet.
The cache is keyed by the URL and some data from the headers.
Additionally there is the key prefix that is used to distinguish different
cache areas in a multi-site setup. You could use the
get_current_site().domain, for example, as that is unique across a Django
project.
Additionally, all headers from the response's Vary header will be taken
into account on caching -- just like the middleware does.
"""
return decorator_from_middleware_with_args(CacheMiddleware)(
page_timeout=timeout,
cache_alias=cache,
key_prefix=key_prefix,
)
def cache_control(**kwargs):
def _cache_controller(viewfunc):
@wraps(viewfunc)
def _cache_controlled(request, *args, **kw):
# Ensure argument looks like a request.
if not hasattr(request, "META"):
raise TypeError(
"cache_control didn't receive an HttpRequest. If you are "
"decorating a classmethod, be sure to use "
"@method_decorator."
)
response = viewfunc(request, *args, **kw)
patch_cache_control(response, **kwargs)
return response
return _cache_controlled
return _cache_controller
def never_cache(view_func):
"""
Decorator that adds headers to a response so that it will never be cached.
"""
@wraps(view_func)
def _wrapper_view_func(request, *args, **kwargs):
# Ensure argument looks like a request.
if not hasattr(request, "META"):
raise TypeError(
"never_cache didn't receive an HttpRequest. If you are "
"decorating a classmethod, be sure to use @method_decorator."
)
response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
add_never_cache_headers(response)
return response
return _wrapper_view_func

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from functools import wraps
def xframe_options_deny(view_func):
"""
Modify a view function so its response has the X-Frame-Options HTTP
header set to 'DENY' as long as the response doesn't already have that
header set. Usage:
@xframe_options_deny
def some_view(request):
...
"""
@wraps(view_func)
def wrapper_view(*args, **kwargs):
resp = view_func(*args, **kwargs)
if resp.get("X-Frame-Options") is None:
resp["X-Frame-Options"] = "DENY"
return resp
return wrapper_view
def xframe_options_sameorigin(view_func):
"""
Modify a view function so its response has the X-Frame-Options HTTP
header set to 'SAMEORIGIN' as long as the response doesn't already have
that header set. Usage:
@xframe_options_sameorigin
def some_view(request):
...
"""
@wraps(view_func)
def wrapper_view(*args, **kwargs):
resp = view_func(*args, **kwargs)
if resp.get("X-Frame-Options") is None:
resp["X-Frame-Options"] = "SAMEORIGIN"
return resp
return wrapper_view
def xframe_options_exempt(view_func):
"""
Modify a view function by setting a response variable that instructs
XFrameOptionsMiddleware to NOT set the X-Frame-Options HTTP header. Usage:
@xframe_options_exempt
def some_view(request):
...
"""
@wraps(view_func)
def wrapper_view(*args, **kwargs):
resp = view_func(*args, **kwargs)
resp.xframe_options_exempt = True
return resp
return wrapper_view

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from functools import wraps
def no_append_slash(view_func):
"""
Mark a view function as excluded from CommonMiddleware's APPEND_SLASH
redirection.
"""
# view_func.should_append_slash = False would also work, but decorators are
# nicer if they don't have side effects, so return a new function.
@wraps(view_func)
def wrapper_view(*args, **kwargs):
return view_func(*args, **kwargs)
wrapper_view.should_append_slash = False
return wrapper_view

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from functools import wraps
from django.middleware.csrf import CsrfViewMiddleware, get_token
from django.utils.decorators import decorator_from_middleware
csrf_protect = decorator_from_middleware(CsrfViewMiddleware)
csrf_protect.__name__ = "csrf_protect"
csrf_protect.__doc__ = """
This decorator adds CSRF protection in exactly the same way as
CsrfViewMiddleware, but it can be used on a per view basis. Using both, or
using the decorator multiple times, is harmless and efficient.
"""
class _EnsureCsrfToken(CsrfViewMiddleware):
# Behave like CsrfViewMiddleware but don't reject requests or log warnings.
def _reject(self, request, reason):
return None
requires_csrf_token = decorator_from_middleware(_EnsureCsrfToken)
requires_csrf_token.__name__ = "requires_csrf_token"
requires_csrf_token.__doc__ = """
Use this decorator on views that need a correct csrf_token available to
RequestContext, but without the CSRF protection that csrf_protect
enforces.
"""
class _EnsureCsrfCookie(CsrfViewMiddleware):
def _reject(self, request, reason):
return None
def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):
retval = super().process_view(request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs)
# Force process_response to send the cookie
get_token(request)
return retval
ensure_csrf_cookie = decorator_from_middleware(_EnsureCsrfCookie)
ensure_csrf_cookie.__name__ = "ensure_csrf_cookie"
ensure_csrf_cookie.__doc__ = """
Use this decorator to ensure that a view sets a CSRF cookie, whether or not it
uses the csrf_token template tag, or the CsrfViewMiddleware is used.
"""
def csrf_exempt(view_func):
"""Mark a view function as being exempt from the CSRF view protection."""
# view_func.csrf_exempt = True would also work, but decorators are nicer
# if they don't have side effects, so return a new function.
@wraps(view_func)
def wrapper_view(*args, **kwargs):
return view_func(*args, **kwargs)
wrapper_view.csrf_exempt = True
return wrapper_view

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from functools import wraps
from django.http import HttpRequest
def sensitive_variables(*variables):
"""
Indicate which variables used in the decorated function are sensitive so
that those variables can later be treated in a special way, for example
by hiding them when logging unhandled exceptions.
Accept two forms:
* with specified variable names:
@sensitive_variables('user', 'password', 'credit_card')
def my_function(user):
password = user.pass_word
credit_card = user.credit_card_number
...
* without any specified variable names, in which case consider all
variables are sensitive:
@sensitive_variables()
def my_function()
...
"""
if len(variables) == 1 and callable(variables[0]):
raise TypeError(
"sensitive_variables() must be called to use it as a decorator, "
"e.g., use @sensitive_variables(), not @sensitive_variables."
)
def decorator(func):
@wraps(func)
def sensitive_variables_wrapper(*func_args, **func_kwargs):
if variables:
sensitive_variables_wrapper.sensitive_variables = variables
else:
sensitive_variables_wrapper.sensitive_variables = "__ALL__"
return func(*func_args, **func_kwargs)
return sensitive_variables_wrapper
return decorator
def sensitive_post_parameters(*parameters):
"""
Indicate which POST parameters used in the decorated view are sensitive,
so that those parameters can later be treated in a special way, for example
by hiding them when logging unhandled exceptions.
Accept two forms:
* with specified parameters:
@sensitive_post_parameters('password', 'credit_card')
def my_view(request):
pw = request.POST['password']
cc = request.POST['credit_card']
...
* without any specified parameters, in which case consider all
variables are sensitive:
@sensitive_post_parameters()
def my_view(request)
...
"""
if len(parameters) == 1 and callable(parameters[0]):
raise TypeError(
"sensitive_post_parameters() must be called to use it as a "
"decorator, e.g., use @sensitive_post_parameters(), not "
"@sensitive_post_parameters."
)
def decorator(view):
@wraps(view)
def sensitive_post_parameters_wrapper(request, *args, **kwargs):
if not isinstance(request, HttpRequest):
raise TypeError(
"sensitive_post_parameters didn't receive an HttpRequest "
"object. If you are decorating a classmethod, make sure "
"to use @method_decorator."
)
if parameters:
request.sensitive_post_parameters = parameters
else:
request.sensitive_post_parameters = "__ALL__"
return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
return sensitive_post_parameters_wrapper
return decorator

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from django.middleware.gzip import GZipMiddleware
from django.utils.decorators import decorator_from_middleware
gzip_page = decorator_from_middleware(GZipMiddleware)
gzip_page.__doc__ = "Decorator for views that gzips pages if the client supports it."

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"""
Decorators for views based on HTTP headers.
"""
import datetime
from functools import wraps
from django.http import HttpResponseNotAllowed
from django.middleware.http import ConditionalGetMiddleware
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils.cache import get_conditional_response
from django.utils.decorators import decorator_from_middleware
from django.utils.http import http_date, quote_etag
from django.utils.log import log_response
conditional_page = decorator_from_middleware(ConditionalGetMiddleware)
def require_http_methods(request_method_list):
"""
Decorator to make a view only accept particular request methods. Usage::
@require_http_methods(["GET", "POST"])
def my_view(request):
# I can assume now that only GET or POST requests make it this far
# ...
Note that request methods should be in uppercase.
"""
def decorator(func):
@wraps(func)
def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
if request.method not in request_method_list:
response = HttpResponseNotAllowed(request_method_list)
log_response(
"Method Not Allowed (%s): %s",
request.method,
request.path,
response=response,
request=request,
)
return response
return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
return inner
return decorator
require_GET = require_http_methods(["GET"])
require_GET.__doc__ = "Decorator to require that a view only accepts the GET method."
require_POST = require_http_methods(["POST"])
require_POST.__doc__ = "Decorator to require that a view only accepts the POST method."
require_safe = require_http_methods(["GET", "HEAD"])
require_safe.__doc__ = (
"Decorator to require that a view only accepts safe methods: GET and HEAD."
)
def condition(etag_func=None, last_modified_func=None):
"""
Decorator to support conditional retrieval (or change) for a view
function.
The parameters are callables to compute the ETag and last modified time for
the requested resource, respectively. The callables are passed the same
parameters as the view itself. The ETag function should return a string (or
None if the resource doesn't exist), while the last_modified function
should return a datetime object (or None if the resource doesn't exist).
The ETag function should return a complete ETag, including quotes (e.g.
'"etag"'), since that's the only way to distinguish between weak and strong
ETags. If an unquoted ETag is returned (e.g. 'etag'), it will be converted
to a strong ETag by adding quotes.
This decorator will either pass control to the wrapped view function or
return an HTTP 304 response (unmodified) or 412 response (precondition
failed), depending upon the request method. In either case, the decorator
will add the generated ETag and Last-Modified headers to the response if
the headers aren't already set and if the request's method is safe.
"""
def decorator(func):
@wraps(func)
def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
# Compute values (if any) for the requested resource.
def get_last_modified():
if last_modified_func:
dt = last_modified_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
if dt:
if not timezone.is_aware(dt):
dt = timezone.make_aware(dt, datetime.timezone.utc)
return int(dt.timestamp())
# The value from etag_func() could be quoted or unquoted.
res_etag = etag_func(request, *args, **kwargs) if etag_func else None
res_etag = quote_etag(res_etag) if res_etag is not None else None
res_last_modified = get_last_modified()
response = get_conditional_response(
request,
etag=res_etag,
last_modified=res_last_modified,
)
if response is None:
response = func(request, *args, **kwargs)
# Set relevant headers on the response if they don't already exist
# and if the request method is safe.
if request.method in ("GET", "HEAD"):
if res_last_modified and not response.has_header("Last-Modified"):
response.headers["Last-Modified"] = http_date(res_last_modified)
if res_etag:
response.headers.setdefault("ETag", res_etag)
return response
return inner
return decorator
# Shortcut decorators for common cases based on ETag or Last-Modified only
def etag(etag_func):
return condition(etag_func=etag_func)
def last_modified(last_modified_func):
return condition(last_modified_func=last_modified_func)

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from functools import wraps
from django.utils.cache import patch_vary_headers
def vary_on_headers(*headers):
"""
A view decorator that adds the specified headers to the Vary header of the
response. Usage:
@vary_on_headers('Cookie', 'Accept-language')
def index(request):
...
Note that the header names are not case-sensitive.
"""
def decorator(func):
@wraps(func)
def inner_func(*args, **kwargs):
response = func(*args, **kwargs)
patch_vary_headers(response, headers)
return response
return inner_func
return decorator
def vary_on_cookie(func):
"""
A view decorator that adds "Cookie" to the Vary header of a response. This
indicates that a page's contents depends on cookies. Usage:
@vary_on_cookie
def index(request):
...
"""
@wraps(func)
def inner_func(*args, **kwargs):
response = func(*args, **kwargs)
patch_vary_headers(response, ("Cookie",))
return response
return inner_func

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from urllib.parse import quote
from django.http import (
HttpResponseBadRequest,
HttpResponseForbidden,
HttpResponseNotFound,
HttpResponseServerError,
)
from django.template import Context, Engine, TemplateDoesNotExist, loader
from django.views.decorators.csrf import requires_csrf_token
ERROR_404_TEMPLATE_NAME = "404.html"
ERROR_403_TEMPLATE_NAME = "403.html"
ERROR_400_TEMPLATE_NAME = "400.html"
ERROR_500_TEMPLATE_NAME = "500.html"
ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE = """
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>%(title)s</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>%(title)s</h1><p>%(details)s</p>
</body>
</html>
"""
# These views can be called when CsrfViewMiddleware.process_view() not run,
# therefore need @requires_csrf_token in case the template needs
# {% csrf_token %}.
@requires_csrf_token
def page_not_found(request, exception, template_name=ERROR_404_TEMPLATE_NAME):
"""
Default 404 handler.
Templates: :template:`404.html`
Context:
request_path
The path of the requested URL (e.g., '/app/pages/bad_page/'). It's
quoted to prevent a content injection attack.
exception
The message from the exception which triggered the 404 (if one was
supplied), or the exception class name
"""
exception_repr = exception.__class__.__name__
# Try to get an "interesting" exception message, if any (and not the ugly
# Resolver404 dictionary)
try:
message = exception.args[0]
except (AttributeError, IndexError):
pass
else:
if isinstance(message, str):
exception_repr = message
context = {
"request_path": quote(request.path),
"exception": exception_repr,
}
try:
template = loader.get_template(template_name)
body = template.render(context, request)
except TemplateDoesNotExist:
if template_name != ERROR_404_TEMPLATE_NAME:
# Reraise if it's a missing custom template.
raise
# Render template (even though there are no substitutions) to allow
# inspecting the context in tests.
template = Engine().from_string(
ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE
% {
"title": "Not Found",
"details": "The requested resource was not found on this server.",
},
)
body = template.render(Context(context))
return HttpResponseNotFound(body)
@requires_csrf_token
def server_error(request, template_name=ERROR_500_TEMPLATE_NAME):
"""
500 error handler.
Templates: :template:`500.html`
Context: None
"""
try:
template = loader.get_template(template_name)
except TemplateDoesNotExist:
if template_name != ERROR_500_TEMPLATE_NAME:
# Reraise if it's a missing custom template.
raise
return HttpResponseServerError(
ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE % {"title": "Server Error (500)", "details": ""},
)
return HttpResponseServerError(template.render())
@requires_csrf_token
def bad_request(request, exception, template_name=ERROR_400_TEMPLATE_NAME):
"""
400 error handler.
Templates: :template:`400.html`
Context: None
"""
try:
template = loader.get_template(template_name)
except TemplateDoesNotExist:
if template_name != ERROR_400_TEMPLATE_NAME:
# Reraise if it's a missing custom template.
raise
return HttpResponseBadRequest(
ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE % {"title": "Bad Request (400)", "details": ""},
)
# No exception content is passed to the template, to not disclose any
# sensitive information.
return HttpResponseBadRequest(template.render())
@requires_csrf_token
def permission_denied(request, exception, template_name=ERROR_403_TEMPLATE_NAME):
"""
Permission denied (403) handler.
Templates: :template:`403.html`
Context:
exception
The message from the exception which triggered the 403 (if one was
supplied).
If the template does not exist, an Http403 response containing the text
"403 Forbidden" (as per RFC 9110 Section 15.5.4) will be returned.
"""
try:
template = loader.get_template(template_name)
except TemplateDoesNotExist:
if template_name != ERROR_403_TEMPLATE_NAME:
# Reraise if it's a missing custom template.
raise
return HttpResponseForbidden(
ERROR_PAGE_TEMPLATE % {"title": "403 Forbidden", "details": ""},
)
return HttpResponseForbidden(
template.render(request=request, context={"exception": str(exception)})
)

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from django.views.generic.base import RedirectView, TemplateView, View
from django.views.generic.dates import (
ArchiveIndexView,
DateDetailView,
DayArchiveView,
MonthArchiveView,
TodayArchiveView,
WeekArchiveView,
YearArchiveView,
)
from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView
from django.views.generic.edit import CreateView, DeleteView, FormView, UpdateView
from django.views.generic.list import ListView
__all__ = [
"View",
"TemplateView",
"RedirectView",
"ArchiveIndexView",
"YearArchiveView",
"MonthArchiveView",
"WeekArchiveView",
"DayArchiveView",
"TodayArchiveView",
"DateDetailView",
"DetailView",
"FormView",
"CreateView",
"UpdateView",
"DeleteView",
"ListView",
"GenericViewError",
]
class GenericViewError(Exception):
"""A problem in a generic view."""
pass

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import logging
from asgiref.sync import iscoroutinefunction, markcoroutinefunction
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.http import (
HttpResponse,
HttpResponseGone,
HttpResponseNotAllowed,
HttpResponsePermanentRedirect,
HttpResponseRedirect,
)
from django.template.response import TemplateResponse
from django.urls import reverse
from django.utils.decorators import classonlymethod
from django.utils.functional import classproperty
logger = logging.getLogger("django.request")
class ContextMixin:
"""
A default context mixin that passes the keyword arguments received by
get_context_data() as the template context.
"""
extra_context = None
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
kwargs.setdefault("view", self)
if self.extra_context is not None:
kwargs.update(self.extra_context)
return kwargs
class View:
"""
Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements
dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking.
"""
http_method_names = [
"get",
"post",
"put",
"patch",
"delete",
"head",
"options",
"trace",
]
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
"""
Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra
keyword arguments, and other things.
"""
# Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our
# instance, or raise an error.
for key, value in kwargs.items():
setattr(self, key, value)
@classproperty
def view_is_async(cls):
handlers = [
getattr(cls, method)
for method in cls.http_method_names
if (method != "options" and hasattr(cls, method))
]
if not handlers:
return False
is_async = iscoroutinefunction(handlers[0])
if not all(iscoroutinefunction(h) == is_async for h in handlers[1:]):
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
f"{cls.__qualname__} HTTP handlers must either be all sync or all "
"async."
)
return is_async
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
"""Main entry point for a request-response process."""
for key in initkwargs:
if key in cls.http_method_names:
raise TypeError(
"The method name %s is not accepted as a keyword argument "
"to %s()." % (key, cls.__name__)
)
if not hasattr(cls, key):
raise TypeError(
"%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
"only accepts arguments that are already "
"attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key)
)
def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
self = cls(**initkwargs)
self.setup(request, *args, **kwargs)
if not hasattr(self, "request"):
raise AttributeError(
"%s instance has no 'request' attribute. Did you override "
"setup() and forget to call super()?" % cls.__name__
)
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
view.view_class = cls
view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs
# __name__ and __qualname__ are intentionally left unchanged as
# view_class should be used to robustly determine the name of the view
# instead.
view.__doc__ = cls.__doc__
view.__module__ = cls.__module__
view.__annotations__ = cls.dispatch.__annotations__
# Copy possible attributes set by decorators, e.g. @csrf_exempt, from
# the dispatch method.
view.__dict__.update(cls.dispatch.__dict__)
# Mark the callback if the view class is async.
if cls.view_is_async:
markcoroutinefunction(view)
return view
def setup(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""Initialize attributes shared by all view methods."""
if hasattr(self, "get") and not hasattr(self, "head"):
self.head = self.get
self.request = request
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
# defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
# request method isn't on the approved list.
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(
self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed
)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
logger.warning(
"Method Not Allowed (%s): %s",
request.method,
request.path,
extra={"status_code": 405, "request": request},
)
response = HttpResponseNotAllowed(self._allowed_methods())
if self.view_is_async:
async def func():
return response
return func()
else:
return response
def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""Handle responding to requests for the OPTIONS HTTP verb."""
response = HttpResponse()
response.headers["Allow"] = ", ".join(self._allowed_methods())
response.headers["Content-Length"] = "0"
if self.view_is_async:
async def func():
return response
return func()
else:
return response
def _allowed_methods(self):
return [m.upper() for m in self.http_method_names if hasattr(self, m)]
class TemplateResponseMixin:
"""A mixin that can be used to render a template."""
template_name = None
template_engine = None
response_class = TemplateResponse
content_type = None
def render_to_response(self, context, **response_kwargs):
"""
Return a response, using the `response_class` for this view, with a
template rendered with the given context.
Pass response_kwargs to the constructor of the response class.
"""
response_kwargs.setdefault("content_type", self.content_type)
return self.response_class(
request=self.request,
template=self.get_template_names(),
context=context,
using=self.template_engine,
**response_kwargs,
)
def get_template_names(self):
"""
Return a list of template names to be used for the request. Must return
a list. May not be called if render_to_response() is overridden.
"""
if self.template_name is None:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
"TemplateResponseMixin requires either a definition of "
"'template_name' or an implementation of 'get_template_names()'"
)
else:
return [self.template_name]
class TemplateView(TemplateResponseMixin, ContextMixin, View):
"""
Render a template. Pass keyword arguments from the URLconf to the context.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
context = self.get_context_data(**kwargs)
return self.render_to_response(context)
class RedirectView(View):
"""Provide a redirect on any GET request."""
permanent = False
url = None
pattern_name = None
query_string = False
def get_redirect_url(self, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Return the URL redirect to. Keyword arguments from the URL pattern
match generating the redirect request are provided as kwargs to this
method.
"""
if self.url:
url = self.url % kwargs
elif self.pattern_name:
url = reverse(self.pattern_name, args=args, kwargs=kwargs)
else:
return None
args = self.request.META.get("QUERY_STRING", "")
if args and self.query_string:
url = "%s?%s" % (url, args)
return url
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
url = self.get_redirect_url(*args, **kwargs)
if url:
if self.permanent:
return HttpResponsePermanentRedirect(url)
else:
return HttpResponseRedirect(url)
else:
logger.warning(
"Gone: %s", request.path, extra={"status_code": 410, "request": request}
)
return HttpResponseGone()
def head(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)
def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)
def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.get(request, *args, **kwargs)

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srcs/.venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/django/views/generic/dates.py Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,795 @@
import datetime
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.db import models
from django.http import Http404
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils.functional import cached_property
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.views.generic.base import View
from django.views.generic.detail import (
BaseDetailView,
SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin,
)
from django.views.generic.list import (
MultipleObjectMixin,
MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin,
)
class YearMixin:
"""Mixin for views manipulating year-based data."""
year_format = "%Y"
year = None
def get_year_format(self):
"""
Get a year format string in strptime syntax to be used to parse the
year from url variables.
"""
return self.year_format
def get_year(self):
"""Return the year for which this view should display data."""
year = self.year
if year is None:
try:
year = self.kwargs["year"]
except KeyError:
try:
year = self.request.GET["year"]
except KeyError:
raise Http404(_("No year specified"))
return year
def get_next_year(self, date):
"""Get the next valid year."""
return _get_next_prev(self, date, is_previous=False, period="year")
def get_previous_year(self, date):
"""Get the previous valid year."""
return _get_next_prev(self, date, is_previous=True, period="year")
def _get_next_year(self, date):
"""
Return the start date of the next interval.
The interval is defined by start date <= item date < next start date.
"""
try:
return date.replace(year=date.year + 1, month=1, day=1)
except ValueError:
raise Http404(_("Date out of range"))
def _get_current_year(self, date):
"""Return the start date of the current interval."""
return date.replace(month=1, day=1)
class MonthMixin:
"""Mixin for views manipulating month-based data."""
month_format = "%b"
month = None
def get_month_format(self):
"""
Get a month format string in strptime syntax to be used to parse the
month from url variables.
"""
return self.month_format
def get_month(self):
"""Return the month for which this view should display data."""
month = self.month
if month is None:
try:
month = self.kwargs["month"]
except KeyError:
try:
month = self.request.GET["month"]
except KeyError:
raise Http404(_("No month specified"))
return month
def get_next_month(self, date):
"""Get the next valid month."""
return _get_next_prev(self, date, is_previous=False, period="month")
def get_previous_month(self, date):
"""Get the previous valid month."""
return _get_next_prev(self, date, is_previous=True, period="month")
def _get_next_month(self, date):
"""
Return the start date of the next interval.
The interval is defined by start date <= item date < next start date.
"""
if date.month == 12:
try:
return date.replace(year=date.year + 1, month=1, day=1)
except ValueError:
raise Http404(_("Date out of range"))
else:
return date.replace(month=date.month + 1, day=1)
def _get_current_month(self, date):
"""Return the start date of the previous interval."""
return date.replace(day=1)
class DayMixin:
"""Mixin for views manipulating day-based data."""
day_format = "%d"
day = None
def get_day_format(self):
"""
Get a day format string in strptime syntax to be used to parse the day
from url variables.
"""
return self.day_format
def get_day(self):
"""Return the day for which this view should display data."""
day = self.day
if day is None:
try:
day = self.kwargs["day"]
except KeyError:
try:
day = self.request.GET["day"]
except KeyError:
raise Http404(_("No day specified"))
return day
def get_next_day(self, date):
"""Get the next valid day."""
return _get_next_prev(self, date, is_previous=False, period="day")
def get_previous_day(self, date):
"""Get the previous valid day."""
return _get_next_prev(self, date, is_previous=True, period="day")
def _get_next_day(self, date):
"""
Return the start date of the next interval.
The interval is defined by start date <= item date < next start date.
"""
return date + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
def _get_current_day(self, date):
"""Return the start date of the current interval."""
return date
class WeekMixin:
"""Mixin for views manipulating week-based data."""
week_format = "%U"
week = None
def get_week_format(self):
"""
Get a week format string in strptime syntax to be used to parse the
week from url variables.
"""
return self.week_format
def get_week(self):
"""Return the week for which this view should display data."""
week = self.week
if week is None:
try:
week = self.kwargs["week"]
except KeyError:
try:
week = self.request.GET["week"]
except KeyError:
raise Http404(_("No week specified"))
return week
def get_next_week(self, date):
"""Get the next valid week."""
return _get_next_prev(self, date, is_previous=False, period="week")
def get_previous_week(self, date):
"""Get the previous valid week."""
return _get_next_prev(self, date, is_previous=True, period="week")
def _get_next_week(self, date):
"""
Return the start date of the next interval.
The interval is defined by start date <= item date < next start date.
"""
try:
return date + datetime.timedelta(days=7 - self._get_weekday(date))
except OverflowError:
raise Http404(_("Date out of range"))
def _get_current_week(self, date):
"""Return the start date of the current interval."""
return date - datetime.timedelta(self._get_weekday(date))
def _get_weekday(self, date):
"""
Return the weekday for a given date.
The first day according to the week format is 0 and the last day is 6.
"""
week_format = self.get_week_format()
if week_format in {"%W", "%V"}: # week starts on Monday
return date.weekday()
elif week_format == "%U": # week starts on Sunday
return (date.weekday() + 1) % 7
else:
raise ValueError("unknown week format: %s" % week_format)
class DateMixin:
"""Mixin class for views manipulating date-based data."""
date_field = None
allow_future = False
def get_date_field(self):
"""Get the name of the date field to be used to filter by."""
if self.date_field is None:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
"%s.date_field is required." % self.__class__.__name__
)
return self.date_field
def get_allow_future(self):
"""
Return `True` if the view should be allowed to display objects from
the future.
"""
return self.allow_future
# Note: the following three methods only work in subclasses that also
# inherit SingleObjectMixin or MultipleObjectMixin.
@cached_property
def uses_datetime_field(self):
"""
Return `True` if the date field is a `DateTimeField` and `False`
if it's a `DateField`.
"""
model = self.get_queryset().model if self.model is None else self.model
field = model._meta.get_field(self.get_date_field())
return isinstance(field, models.DateTimeField)
def _make_date_lookup_arg(self, value):
"""
Convert a date into a datetime when the date field is a DateTimeField.
When time zone support is enabled, `date` is assumed to be in the
current time zone, so that displayed items are consistent with the URL.
"""
if self.uses_datetime_field:
value = datetime.datetime.combine(value, datetime.time.min)
if settings.USE_TZ:
value = timezone.make_aware(value)
return value
def _make_single_date_lookup(self, date):
"""
Get the lookup kwargs for filtering on a single date.
If the date field is a DateTimeField, we can't just filter on
date_field=date because that doesn't take the time into account.
"""
date_field = self.get_date_field()
if self.uses_datetime_field:
since = self._make_date_lookup_arg(date)
until = self._make_date_lookup_arg(date + datetime.timedelta(days=1))
return {
"%s__gte" % date_field: since,
"%s__lt" % date_field: until,
}
else:
# Skip self._make_date_lookup_arg, it's a no-op in this branch.
return {date_field: date}
class BaseDateListView(MultipleObjectMixin, DateMixin, View):
"""Abstract base class for date-based views displaying a list of objects."""
allow_empty = False
date_list_period = "year"
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.date_list, self.object_list, extra_context = self.get_dated_items()
context = self.get_context_data(
object_list=self.object_list, date_list=self.date_list, **extra_context
)
return self.render_to_response(context)
def get_dated_items(self):
"""Obtain the list of dates and items."""
raise NotImplementedError(
"A DateView must provide an implementation of get_dated_items()"
)
def get_ordering(self):
"""
Return the field or fields to use for ordering the queryset; use the
date field by default.
"""
return "-%s" % self.get_date_field() if self.ordering is None else self.ordering
def get_dated_queryset(self, **lookup):
"""
Get a queryset properly filtered according to `allow_future` and any
extra lookup kwargs.
"""
qs = self.get_queryset().filter(**lookup)
date_field = self.get_date_field()
allow_future = self.get_allow_future()
allow_empty = self.get_allow_empty()
paginate_by = self.get_paginate_by(qs)
if not allow_future:
now = timezone.now() if self.uses_datetime_field else timezone_today()
qs = qs.filter(**{"%s__lte" % date_field: now})
if not allow_empty:
# When pagination is enabled, it's better to do a cheap query
# than to load the unpaginated queryset in memory.
is_empty = not qs if paginate_by is None else not qs.exists()
if is_empty:
raise Http404(
_("No %(verbose_name_plural)s available")
% {
"verbose_name_plural": qs.model._meta.verbose_name_plural,
}
)
return qs
def get_date_list_period(self):
"""
Get the aggregation period for the list of dates: 'year', 'month', or
'day'.
"""
return self.date_list_period
def get_date_list(self, queryset, date_type=None, ordering="ASC"):
"""
Get a date list by calling `queryset.dates/datetimes()`, checking
along the way for empty lists that aren't allowed.
"""
date_field = self.get_date_field()
allow_empty = self.get_allow_empty()
if date_type is None:
date_type = self.get_date_list_period()
if self.uses_datetime_field:
date_list = queryset.datetimes(date_field, date_type, ordering)
else:
date_list = queryset.dates(date_field, date_type, ordering)
if date_list is not None and not date_list and not allow_empty:
raise Http404(
_("No %(verbose_name_plural)s available")
% {
"verbose_name_plural": queryset.model._meta.verbose_name_plural,
}
)
return date_list
class BaseArchiveIndexView(BaseDateListView):
"""
Base class for archives of date-based items. Requires a response mixin.
"""
context_object_name = "latest"
def get_dated_items(self):
"""Return (date_list, items, extra_context) for this request."""
qs = self.get_dated_queryset()
date_list = self.get_date_list(qs, ordering="DESC")
if not date_list:
qs = qs.none()
return (date_list, qs, {})
class ArchiveIndexView(MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseArchiveIndexView):
"""Top-level archive of date-based items."""
template_name_suffix = "_archive"
class BaseYearArchiveView(YearMixin, BaseDateListView):
"""List of objects published in a given year."""
date_list_period = "month"
make_object_list = False
def get_dated_items(self):
"""Return (date_list, items, extra_context) for this request."""
year = self.get_year()
date_field = self.get_date_field()
date = _date_from_string(year, self.get_year_format())
since = self._make_date_lookup_arg(date)
until = self._make_date_lookup_arg(self._get_next_year(date))
lookup_kwargs = {
"%s__gte" % date_field: since,
"%s__lt" % date_field: until,
}
qs = self.get_dated_queryset(**lookup_kwargs)
date_list = self.get_date_list(qs)
if not self.get_make_object_list():
# We need this to be a queryset since parent classes introspect it
# to find information about the model.
qs = qs.none()
return (
date_list,
qs,
{
"year": date,
"next_year": self.get_next_year(date),
"previous_year": self.get_previous_year(date),
},
)
def get_make_object_list(self):
"""
Return `True` if this view should contain the full list of objects in
the given year.
"""
return self.make_object_list
class YearArchiveView(MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseYearArchiveView):
"""List of objects published in a given year."""
template_name_suffix = "_archive_year"
class BaseMonthArchiveView(YearMixin, MonthMixin, BaseDateListView):
"""List of objects published in a given month."""
date_list_period = "day"
def get_dated_items(self):
"""Return (date_list, items, extra_context) for this request."""
year = self.get_year()
month = self.get_month()
date_field = self.get_date_field()
date = _date_from_string(
year, self.get_year_format(), month, self.get_month_format()
)
since = self._make_date_lookup_arg(date)
until = self._make_date_lookup_arg(self._get_next_month(date))
lookup_kwargs = {
"%s__gte" % date_field: since,
"%s__lt" % date_field: until,
}
qs = self.get_dated_queryset(**lookup_kwargs)
date_list = self.get_date_list(qs)
return (
date_list,
qs,
{
"month": date,
"next_month": self.get_next_month(date),
"previous_month": self.get_previous_month(date),
},
)
class MonthArchiveView(MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseMonthArchiveView):
"""List of objects published in a given month."""
template_name_suffix = "_archive_month"
class BaseWeekArchiveView(YearMixin, WeekMixin, BaseDateListView):
"""List of objects published in a given week."""
def get_dated_items(self):
"""Return (date_list, items, extra_context) for this request."""
year = self.get_year()
week = self.get_week()
date_field = self.get_date_field()
week_format = self.get_week_format()
week_choices = {"%W": "1", "%U": "0", "%V": "1"}
try:
week_start = week_choices[week_format]
except KeyError:
raise ValueError(
"Unknown week format %r. Choices are: %s"
% (
week_format,
", ".join(sorted(week_choices)),
)
)
year_format = self.get_year_format()
if week_format == "%V" and year_format != "%G":
raise ValueError(
"ISO week directive '%s' is incompatible with the year "
"directive '%s'. Use the ISO year '%%G' instead."
% (
week_format,
year_format,
)
)
date = _date_from_string(year, year_format, week_start, "%w", week, week_format)
since = self._make_date_lookup_arg(date)
until = self._make_date_lookup_arg(self._get_next_week(date))
lookup_kwargs = {
"%s__gte" % date_field: since,
"%s__lt" % date_field: until,
}
qs = self.get_dated_queryset(**lookup_kwargs)
return (
None,
qs,
{
"week": date,
"next_week": self.get_next_week(date),
"previous_week": self.get_previous_week(date),
},
)
class WeekArchiveView(MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseWeekArchiveView):
"""List of objects published in a given week."""
template_name_suffix = "_archive_week"
class BaseDayArchiveView(YearMixin, MonthMixin, DayMixin, BaseDateListView):
"""List of objects published on a given day."""
def get_dated_items(self):
"""Return (date_list, items, extra_context) for this request."""
year = self.get_year()
month = self.get_month()
day = self.get_day()
date = _date_from_string(
year,
self.get_year_format(),
month,
self.get_month_format(),
day,
self.get_day_format(),
)
return self._get_dated_items(date)
def _get_dated_items(self, date):
"""
Do the actual heavy lifting of getting the dated items; this accepts a
date object so that TodayArchiveView can be trivial.
"""
lookup_kwargs = self._make_single_date_lookup(date)
qs = self.get_dated_queryset(**lookup_kwargs)
return (
None,
qs,
{
"day": date,
"previous_day": self.get_previous_day(date),
"next_day": self.get_next_day(date),
"previous_month": self.get_previous_month(date),
"next_month": self.get_next_month(date),
},
)
class DayArchiveView(MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseDayArchiveView):
"""List of objects published on a given day."""
template_name_suffix = "_archive_day"
class BaseTodayArchiveView(BaseDayArchiveView):
"""List of objects published today."""
def get_dated_items(self):
"""Return (date_list, items, extra_context) for this request."""
return self._get_dated_items(datetime.date.today())
class TodayArchiveView(MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseTodayArchiveView):
"""List of objects published today."""
template_name_suffix = "_archive_day"
class BaseDateDetailView(YearMixin, MonthMixin, DayMixin, DateMixin, BaseDetailView):
"""
Detail view of a single object on a single date; this differs from the
standard DetailView by accepting a year/month/day in the URL.
"""
def get_object(self, queryset=None):
"""Get the object this request displays."""
year = self.get_year()
month = self.get_month()
day = self.get_day()
date = _date_from_string(
year,
self.get_year_format(),
month,
self.get_month_format(),
day,
self.get_day_format(),
)
# Use a custom queryset if provided
qs = self.get_queryset() if queryset is None else queryset
if not self.get_allow_future() and date > datetime.date.today():
raise Http404(
_(
"Future %(verbose_name_plural)s not available because "
"%(class_name)s.allow_future is False."
)
% {
"verbose_name_plural": qs.model._meta.verbose_name_plural,
"class_name": self.__class__.__name__,
}
)
# Filter down a queryset from self.queryset using the date from the
# URL. This'll get passed as the queryset to DetailView.get_object,
# which'll handle the 404
lookup_kwargs = self._make_single_date_lookup(date)
qs = qs.filter(**lookup_kwargs)
return super().get_object(queryset=qs)
class DateDetailView(SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseDateDetailView):
"""
Detail view of a single object on a single date; this differs from the
standard DetailView by accepting a year/month/day in the URL.
"""
template_name_suffix = "_detail"
def _date_from_string(
year, year_format, month="", month_format="", day="", day_format="", delim="__"
):
"""
Get a datetime.date object given a format string and a year, month, and day
(only year is mandatory). Raise a 404 for an invalid date.
"""
format = year_format + delim + month_format + delim + day_format
datestr = str(year) + delim + str(month) + delim + str(day)
try:
return datetime.datetime.strptime(datestr, format).date()
except ValueError:
raise Http404(
_("Invalid date string “%(datestr)s” given format “%(format)s”")
% {
"datestr": datestr,
"format": format,
}
)
def _get_next_prev(generic_view, date, is_previous, period):
"""
Get the next or the previous valid date. The idea is to allow links on
month/day views to never be 404s by never providing a date that'll be
invalid for the given view.
This is a bit complicated since it handles different intervals of time,
hence the coupling to generic_view.
However in essence the logic comes down to:
* If allow_empty and allow_future are both true, this is easy: just
return the naive result (just the next/previous day/week/month,
regardless of object existence.)
* If allow_empty is true, allow_future is false, and the naive result
isn't in the future, then return it; otherwise return None.
* If allow_empty is false and allow_future is true, return the next
date *that contains a valid object*, even if it's in the future. If
there are no next objects, return None.
* If allow_empty is false and allow_future is false, return the next
date that contains a valid object. If that date is in the future, or
if there are no next objects, return None.
"""
date_field = generic_view.get_date_field()
allow_empty = generic_view.get_allow_empty()
allow_future = generic_view.get_allow_future()
get_current = getattr(generic_view, "_get_current_%s" % period)
get_next = getattr(generic_view, "_get_next_%s" % period)
# Bounds of the current interval
start, end = get_current(date), get_next(date)
# If allow_empty is True, the naive result will be valid
if allow_empty:
if is_previous:
result = get_current(start - datetime.timedelta(days=1))
else:
result = end
if allow_future or result <= timezone_today():
return result
else:
return None
# Otherwise, we'll need to go to the database to look for an object
# whose date_field is at least (greater than/less than) the given
# naive result
else:
# Construct a lookup and an ordering depending on whether we're doing
# a previous date or a next date lookup.
if is_previous:
lookup = {"%s__lt" % date_field: generic_view._make_date_lookup_arg(start)}
ordering = "-%s" % date_field
else:
lookup = {"%s__gte" % date_field: generic_view._make_date_lookup_arg(end)}
ordering = date_field
# Filter out objects in the future if appropriate.
if not allow_future:
# Fortunately, to match the implementation of allow_future,
# we need __lte, which doesn't conflict with __lt above.
if generic_view.uses_datetime_field:
now = timezone.now()
else:
now = timezone_today()
lookup["%s__lte" % date_field] = now
qs = generic_view.get_queryset().filter(**lookup).order_by(ordering)
# Snag the first object from the queryset; if it doesn't exist that
# means there's no next/previous link available.
try:
result = getattr(qs[0], date_field)
except IndexError:
return None
# Convert datetimes to dates in the current time zone.
if generic_view.uses_datetime_field:
if settings.USE_TZ:
result = timezone.localtime(result)
result = result.date()
# Return the first day of the period.
return get_current(result)
def timezone_today():
"""Return the current date in the current time zone."""
if settings.USE_TZ:
return timezone.localdate()
else:
return datetime.date.today()

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from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.db import models
from django.http import Http404
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.views.generic.base import ContextMixin, TemplateResponseMixin, View
class SingleObjectMixin(ContextMixin):
"""
Provide the ability to retrieve a single object for further manipulation.
"""
model = None
queryset = None
slug_field = "slug"
context_object_name = None
slug_url_kwarg = "slug"
pk_url_kwarg = "pk"
query_pk_and_slug = False
def get_object(self, queryset=None):
"""
Return the object the view is displaying.
Require `self.queryset` and a `pk` or `slug` argument in the URLconf.
Subclasses can override this to return any object.
"""
# Use a custom queryset if provided; this is required for subclasses
# like DateDetailView
if queryset is None:
queryset = self.get_queryset()
# Next, try looking up by primary key.
pk = self.kwargs.get(self.pk_url_kwarg)
slug = self.kwargs.get(self.slug_url_kwarg)
if pk is not None:
queryset = queryset.filter(pk=pk)
# Next, try looking up by slug.
if slug is not None and (pk is None or self.query_pk_and_slug):
slug_field = self.get_slug_field()
queryset = queryset.filter(**{slug_field: slug})
# If none of those are defined, it's an error.
if pk is None and slug is None:
raise AttributeError(
"Generic detail view %s must be called with either an object "
"pk or a slug in the URLconf." % self.__class__.__name__
)
try:
# Get the single item from the filtered queryset
obj = queryset.get()
except queryset.model.DoesNotExist:
raise Http404(
_("No %(verbose_name)s found matching the query")
% {"verbose_name": queryset.model._meta.verbose_name}
)
return obj
def get_queryset(self):
"""
Return the `QuerySet` that will be used to look up the object.
This method is called by the default implementation of get_object() and
may not be called if get_object() is overridden.
"""
if self.queryset is None:
if self.model:
return self.model._default_manager.all()
else:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
"%(cls)s is missing a QuerySet. Define "
"%(cls)s.model, %(cls)s.queryset, or override "
"%(cls)s.get_queryset()." % {"cls": self.__class__.__name__}
)
return self.queryset.all()
def get_slug_field(self):
"""Get the name of a slug field to be used to look up by slug."""
return self.slug_field
def get_context_object_name(self, obj):
"""Get the name to use for the object."""
if self.context_object_name:
return self.context_object_name
elif isinstance(obj, models.Model):
return obj._meta.model_name
else:
return None
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
"""Insert the single object into the context dict."""
context = {}
if self.object:
context["object"] = self.object
context_object_name = self.get_context_object_name(self.object)
if context_object_name:
context[context_object_name] = self.object
context.update(kwargs)
return super().get_context_data(**context)
class BaseDetailView(SingleObjectMixin, View):
"""A base view for displaying a single object."""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.object = self.get_object()
context = self.get_context_data(object=self.object)
return self.render_to_response(context)
class SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin(TemplateResponseMixin):
template_name_field = None
template_name_suffix = "_detail"
def get_template_names(self):
"""
Return a list of template names to be used for the request. May not be
called if render_to_response() is overridden. Return the following list:
* the value of ``template_name`` on the view (if provided)
* the contents of the ``template_name_field`` field on the
object instance that the view is operating upon (if available)
* ``<app_label>/<model_name><template_name_suffix>.html``
"""
try:
names = super().get_template_names()
except ImproperlyConfigured:
# If template_name isn't specified, it's not a problem --
# we just start with an empty list.
names = []
# If self.template_name_field is set, grab the value of the field
# of that name from the object; this is the most specific template
# name, if given.
if self.object and self.template_name_field:
name = getattr(self.object, self.template_name_field, None)
if name:
names.insert(0, name)
# The least-specific option is the default <app>/<model>_detail.html;
# only use this if the object in question is a model.
if isinstance(self.object, models.Model):
object_meta = self.object._meta
names.append(
"%s/%s%s.html"
% (
object_meta.app_label,
object_meta.model_name,
self.template_name_suffix,
)
)
elif getattr(self, "model", None) is not None and issubclass(
self.model, models.Model
):
names.append(
"%s/%s%s.html"
% (
self.model._meta.app_label,
self.model._meta.model_name,
self.template_name_suffix,
)
)
# If we still haven't managed to find any template names, we should
# re-raise the ImproperlyConfigured to alert the user.
if not names:
raise
return names
class DetailView(SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseDetailView):
"""
Render a "detail" view of an object.
By default this is a model instance looked up from `self.queryset`, but the
view will support display of *any* object by overriding `self.get_object()`.
"""

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import warnings
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.forms import Form
from django.forms import models as model_forms
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.views.generic.base import ContextMixin, TemplateResponseMixin, View
from django.views.generic.detail import (
BaseDetailView,
SingleObjectMixin,
SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin,
)
class FormMixin(ContextMixin):
"""Provide a way to show and handle a form in a request."""
initial = {}
form_class = None
success_url = None
prefix = None
def get_initial(self):
"""Return the initial data to use for forms on this view."""
return self.initial.copy()
def get_prefix(self):
"""Return the prefix to use for forms."""
return self.prefix
def get_form_class(self):
"""Return the form class to use."""
return self.form_class
def get_form(self, form_class=None):
"""Return an instance of the form to be used in this view."""
if form_class is None:
form_class = self.get_form_class()
return form_class(**self.get_form_kwargs())
def get_form_kwargs(self):
"""Return the keyword arguments for instantiating the form."""
kwargs = {
"initial": self.get_initial(),
"prefix": self.get_prefix(),
}
if self.request.method in ("POST", "PUT"):
kwargs.update(
{
"data": self.request.POST,
"files": self.request.FILES,
}
)
return kwargs
def get_success_url(self):
"""Return the URL to redirect to after processing a valid form."""
if not self.success_url:
raise ImproperlyConfigured("No URL to redirect to. Provide a success_url.")
return str(self.success_url) # success_url may be lazy
def form_valid(self, form):
"""If the form is valid, redirect to the supplied URL."""
return HttpResponseRedirect(self.get_success_url())
def form_invalid(self, form):
"""If the form is invalid, render the invalid form."""
return self.render_to_response(self.get_context_data(form=form))
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
"""Insert the form into the context dict."""
if "form" not in kwargs:
kwargs["form"] = self.get_form()
return super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
class ModelFormMixin(FormMixin, SingleObjectMixin):
"""Provide a way to show and handle a ModelForm in a request."""
fields = None
def get_form_class(self):
"""Return the form class to use in this view."""
if self.fields is not None and self.form_class:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
"Specifying both 'fields' and 'form_class' is not permitted."
)
if self.form_class:
return self.form_class
else:
if self.model is not None:
# If a model has been explicitly provided, use it
model = self.model
elif getattr(self, "object", None) is not None:
# If this view is operating on a single object, use
# the class of that object
model = self.object.__class__
else:
# Try to get a queryset and extract the model class
# from that
model = self.get_queryset().model
if self.fields is None:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
"Using ModelFormMixin (base class of %s) without "
"the 'fields' attribute is prohibited." % self.__class__.__name__
)
return model_forms.modelform_factory(model, fields=self.fields)
def get_form_kwargs(self):
"""Return the keyword arguments for instantiating the form."""
kwargs = super().get_form_kwargs()
if hasattr(self, "object"):
kwargs.update({"instance": self.object})
return kwargs
def get_success_url(self):
"""Return the URL to redirect to after processing a valid form."""
if self.success_url:
url = self.success_url.format(**self.object.__dict__)
else:
try:
url = self.object.get_absolute_url()
except AttributeError:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
"No URL to redirect to. Either provide a url or define"
" a get_absolute_url method on the Model."
)
return url
def form_valid(self, form):
"""If the form is valid, save the associated model."""
self.object = form.save()
return super().form_valid(form)
class ProcessFormView(View):
"""Render a form on GET and processes it on POST."""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""Handle GET requests: instantiate a blank version of the form."""
return self.render_to_response(self.get_context_data())
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Handle POST requests: instantiate a form instance with the passed
POST variables and then check if it's valid.
"""
form = self.get_form()
if form.is_valid():
return self.form_valid(form)
else:
return self.form_invalid(form)
# PUT is a valid HTTP verb for creating (with a known URL) or editing an
# object, note that browsers only support POST for now.
def put(self, *args, **kwargs):
return self.post(*args, **kwargs)
class BaseFormView(FormMixin, ProcessFormView):
"""A base view for displaying a form."""
class FormView(TemplateResponseMixin, BaseFormView):
"""A view for displaying a form and rendering a template response."""
class BaseCreateView(ModelFormMixin, ProcessFormView):
"""
Base view for creating a new object instance.
Using this base class requires subclassing to provide a response mixin.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.object = None
return super().get(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.object = None
return super().post(request, *args, **kwargs)
class CreateView(SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseCreateView):
"""
View for creating a new object, with a response rendered by a template.
"""
template_name_suffix = "_form"
class BaseUpdateView(ModelFormMixin, ProcessFormView):
"""
Base view for updating an existing object.
Using this base class requires subclassing to provide a response mixin.
"""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.object = self.get_object()
return super().get(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.object = self.get_object()
return super().post(request, *args, **kwargs)
class UpdateView(SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseUpdateView):
"""View for updating an object, with a response rendered by a template."""
template_name_suffix = "_form"
class DeletionMixin:
"""Provide the ability to delete objects."""
success_url = None
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
"""
Call the delete() method on the fetched object and then redirect to the
success URL.
"""
self.object = self.get_object()
success_url = self.get_success_url()
self.object.delete()
return HttpResponseRedirect(success_url)
# Add support for browsers which only accept GET and POST for now.
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return self.delete(request, *args, **kwargs)
def get_success_url(self):
if self.success_url:
return self.success_url.format(**self.object.__dict__)
else:
raise ImproperlyConfigured("No URL to redirect to. Provide a success_url.")
# RemovedInDjango50Warning.
class DeleteViewCustomDeleteWarning(Warning):
pass
class BaseDeleteView(DeletionMixin, FormMixin, BaseDetailView):
"""
Base view for deleting an object.
Using this base class requires subclassing to provide a response mixin.
"""
form_class = Form
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# RemovedInDjango50Warning.
if self.__class__.delete is not DeletionMixin.delete:
warnings.warn(
f"DeleteView uses FormMixin to handle POST requests. As a "
f"consequence, any custom deletion logic in "
f"{self.__class__.__name__}.delete() handler should be moved "
f"to form_valid().",
DeleteViewCustomDeleteWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# Set self.object before the usual form processing flow.
# Inlined because having DeletionMixin as the first base, for
# get_success_url(), makes leveraging super() with ProcessFormView
# overly complex.
self.object = self.get_object()
form = self.get_form()
if form.is_valid():
return self.form_valid(form)
else:
return self.form_invalid(form)
def form_valid(self, form):
success_url = self.get_success_url()
self.object.delete()
return HttpResponseRedirect(success_url)
class DeleteView(SingleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseDeleteView):
"""
View for deleting an object retrieved with self.get_object(), with a
response rendered by a template.
"""
template_name_suffix = "_confirm_delete"

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from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.core.paginator import InvalidPage, Paginator
from django.db.models import QuerySet
from django.http import Http404
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.views.generic.base import ContextMixin, TemplateResponseMixin, View
class MultipleObjectMixin(ContextMixin):
"""A mixin for views manipulating multiple objects."""
allow_empty = True
queryset = None
model = None
paginate_by = None
paginate_orphans = 0
context_object_name = None
paginator_class = Paginator
page_kwarg = "page"
ordering = None
def get_queryset(self):
"""
Return the list of items for this view.
The return value must be an iterable and may be an instance of
`QuerySet` in which case `QuerySet` specific behavior will be enabled.
"""
if self.queryset is not None:
queryset = self.queryset
if isinstance(queryset, QuerySet):
queryset = queryset.all()
elif self.model is not None:
queryset = self.model._default_manager.all()
else:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
"%(cls)s is missing a QuerySet. Define "
"%(cls)s.model, %(cls)s.queryset, or override "
"%(cls)s.get_queryset()." % {"cls": self.__class__.__name__}
)
ordering = self.get_ordering()
if ordering:
if isinstance(ordering, str):
ordering = (ordering,)
queryset = queryset.order_by(*ordering)
return queryset
def get_ordering(self):
"""Return the field or fields to use for ordering the queryset."""
return self.ordering
def paginate_queryset(self, queryset, page_size):
"""Paginate the queryset, if needed."""
paginator = self.get_paginator(
queryset,
page_size,
orphans=self.get_paginate_orphans(),
allow_empty_first_page=self.get_allow_empty(),
)
page_kwarg = self.page_kwarg
page = self.kwargs.get(page_kwarg) or self.request.GET.get(page_kwarg) or 1
try:
page_number = int(page)
except ValueError:
if page == "last":
page_number = paginator.num_pages
else:
raise Http404(
_("Page is not “last”, nor can it be converted to an int.")
)
try:
page = paginator.page(page_number)
return (paginator, page, page.object_list, page.has_other_pages())
except InvalidPage as e:
raise Http404(
_("Invalid page (%(page_number)s): %(message)s")
% {"page_number": page_number, "message": str(e)}
)
def get_paginate_by(self, queryset):
"""
Get the number of items to paginate by, or ``None`` for no pagination.
"""
return self.paginate_by
def get_paginator(
self, queryset, per_page, orphans=0, allow_empty_first_page=True, **kwargs
):
"""Return an instance of the paginator for this view."""
return self.paginator_class(
queryset,
per_page,
orphans=orphans,
allow_empty_first_page=allow_empty_first_page,
**kwargs,
)
def get_paginate_orphans(self):
"""
Return the maximum number of orphans extend the last page by when
paginating.
"""
return self.paginate_orphans
def get_allow_empty(self):
"""
Return ``True`` if the view should display empty lists and ``False``
if a 404 should be raised instead.
"""
return self.allow_empty
def get_context_object_name(self, object_list):
"""Get the name of the item to be used in the context."""
if self.context_object_name:
return self.context_object_name
elif hasattr(object_list, "model"):
return "%s_list" % object_list.model._meta.model_name
else:
return None
def get_context_data(self, *, object_list=None, **kwargs):
"""Get the context for this view."""
queryset = object_list if object_list is not None else self.object_list
page_size = self.get_paginate_by(queryset)
context_object_name = self.get_context_object_name(queryset)
if page_size:
paginator, page, queryset, is_paginated = self.paginate_queryset(
queryset, page_size
)
context = {
"paginator": paginator,
"page_obj": page,
"is_paginated": is_paginated,
"object_list": queryset,
}
else:
context = {
"paginator": None,
"page_obj": None,
"is_paginated": False,
"object_list": queryset,
}
if context_object_name is not None:
context[context_object_name] = queryset
context.update(kwargs)
return super().get_context_data(**context)
class BaseListView(MultipleObjectMixin, View):
"""A base view for displaying a list of objects."""
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.object_list = self.get_queryset()
allow_empty = self.get_allow_empty()
if not allow_empty:
# When pagination is enabled and object_list is a queryset,
# it's better to do a cheap query than to load the unpaginated
# queryset in memory.
if self.get_paginate_by(self.object_list) is not None and hasattr(
self.object_list, "exists"
):
is_empty = not self.object_list.exists()
else:
is_empty = not self.object_list
if is_empty:
raise Http404(
_("Empty list and “%(class_name)s.allow_empty” is False.")
% {
"class_name": self.__class__.__name__,
}
)
context = self.get_context_data()
return self.render_to_response(context)
class MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin(TemplateResponseMixin):
"""Mixin for responding with a template and list of objects."""
template_name_suffix = "_list"
def get_template_names(self):
"""
Return a list of template names to be used for the request. Must return
a list. May not be called if render_to_response is overridden.
"""
try:
names = super().get_template_names()
except ImproperlyConfigured:
# If template_name isn't specified, it's not a problem --
# we just start with an empty list.
names = []
# If the list is a queryset, we'll invent a template name based on the
# app and model name. This name gets put at the end of the template
# name list so that user-supplied names override the automatically-
# generated ones.
if hasattr(self.object_list, "model"):
opts = self.object_list.model._meta
names.append(
"%s/%s%s.html"
% (opts.app_label, opts.model_name, self.template_name_suffix)
)
elif not names:
raise ImproperlyConfigured(
"%(cls)s requires either a 'template_name' attribute "
"or a get_queryset() method that returns a QuerySet."
% {
"cls": self.__class__.__name__,
}
)
return names
class ListView(MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseListView):
"""
Render some list of objects, set by `self.model` or `self.queryset`.
`self.queryset` can actually be any iterable of items, not just a queryset.
"""

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import json
import os
import re
from django.apps import apps
from django.conf import settings
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, JsonResponse
from django.template import Context, Engine
from django.urls import translate_url
from django.utils.formats import get_format
from django.utils.http import url_has_allowed_host_and_scheme
from django.utils.translation import check_for_language, get_language
from django.utils.translation.trans_real import DjangoTranslation
from django.views.generic import View
LANGUAGE_QUERY_PARAMETER = "language"
def set_language(request):
"""
Redirect to a given URL while setting the chosen language in the session
(if enabled) and in a cookie. The URL and the language code need to be
specified in the request parameters.
Since this view changes how the user will see the rest of the site, it must
only be accessed as a POST request. If called as a GET request, it will
redirect to the page in the request (the 'next' parameter) without changing
any state.
"""
next_url = request.POST.get("next", request.GET.get("next"))
if (
next_url or request.accepts("text/html")
) and not url_has_allowed_host_and_scheme(
url=next_url,
allowed_hosts={request.get_host()},
require_https=request.is_secure(),
):
next_url = request.META.get("HTTP_REFERER")
if not url_has_allowed_host_and_scheme(
url=next_url,
allowed_hosts={request.get_host()},
require_https=request.is_secure(),
):
next_url = "/"
response = HttpResponseRedirect(next_url) if next_url else HttpResponse(status=204)
if request.method == "POST":
lang_code = request.POST.get(LANGUAGE_QUERY_PARAMETER)
if lang_code and check_for_language(lang_code):
if next_url:
next_trans = translate_url(next_url, lang_code)
if next_trans != next_url:
response = HttpResponseRedirect(next_trans)
response.set_cookie(
settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME,
lang_code,
max_age=settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_AGE,
path=settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_PATH,
domain=settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_DOMAIN,
secure=settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_SECURE,
httponly=settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_HTTPONLY,
samesite=settings.LANGUAGE_COOKIE_SAMESITE,
)
return response
def get_formats():
"""Return all formats strings required for i18n to work."""
FORMAT_SETTINGS = (
"DATE_FORMAT",
"DATETIME_FORMAT",
"TIME_FORMAT",
"YEAR_MONTH_FORMAT",
"MONTH_DAY_FORMAT",
"SHORT_DATE_FORMAT",
"SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT",
"FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK",
"DECIMAL_SEPARATOR",
"THOUSAND_SEPARATOR",
"NUMBER_GROUPING",
"DATE_INPUT_FORMATS",
"TIME_INPUT_FORMATS",
"DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS",
)
return {attr: get_format(attr) for attr in FORMAT_SETTINGS}
js_catalog_template = r"""
{% autoescape off %}
'use strict';
{
const globals = this;
const django = globals.django || (globals.django = {});
{% if plural %}
django.pluralidx = function(n) {
const v = {{ plural }};
if (typeof v === 'boolean') {
return v ? 1 : 0;
} else {
return v;
}
};
{% else %}
django.pluralidx = function(count) { return (count == 1) ? 0 : 1; };
{% endif %}
/* gettext library */
django.catalog = django.catalog || {};
{% if catalog_str %}
const newcatalog = {{ catalog_str }};
for (const key in newcatalog) {
django.catalog[key] = newcatalog[key];
}
{% endif %}
if (!django.jsi18n_initialized) {
django.gettext = function(msgid) {
const value = django.catalog[msgid];
if (typeof value === 'undefined') {
return msgid;
} else {
return (typeof value === 'string') ? value : value[0];
}
};
django.ngettext = function(singular, plural, count) {
const value = django.catalog[singular];
if (typeof value === 'undefined') {
return (count == 1) ? singular : plural;
} else {
return value.constructor === Array ? value[django.pluralidx(count)] : value;
}
};
django.gettext_noop = function(msgid) { return msgid; };
django.pgettext = function(context, msgid) {
let value = django.gettext(context + '\x04' + msgid);
if (value.includes('\x04')) {
value = msgid;
}
return value;
};
django.npgettext = function(context, singular, plural, count) {
let value = django.ngettext(context + '\x04' + singular, context + '\x04' + plural, count);
if (value.includes('\x04')) {
value = django.ngettext(singular, plural, count);
}
return value;
};
django.interpolate = function(fmt, obj, named) {
if (named) {
return fmt.replace(/%\(\w+\)s/g, function(match){return String(obj[match.slice(2,-2)])});
} else {
return fmt.replace(/%s/g, function(match){return String(obj.shift())});
}
};
/* formatting library */
django.formats = {{ formats_str }};
django.get_format = function(format_type) {
const value = django.formats[format_type];
if (typeof value === 'undefined') {
return format_type;
} else {
return value;
}
};
/* add to global namespace */
globals.pluralidx = django.pluralidx;
globals.gettext = django.gettext;
globals.ngettext = django.ngettext;
globals.gettext_noop = django.gettext_noop;
globals.pgettext = django.pgettext;
globals.npgettext = django.npgettext;
globals.interpolate = django.interpolate;
globals.get_format = django.get_format;
django.jsi18n_initialized = true;
}
};
{% endautoescape %}
""" # NOQA
class JavaScriptCatalog(View):
"""
Return the selected language catalog as a JavaScript library.
Receive the list of packages to check for translations in the `packages`
kwarg either from the extra dictionary passed to the path() function or as
a plus-sign delimited string from the request. Default is 'django.conf'.
You can override the gettext domain for this view, but usually you don't
want to do that as JavaScript messages go to the djangojs domain. This
might be needed if you deliver your JavaScript source from Django templates.
"""
domain = "djangojs"
packages = None
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
locale = get_language()
domain = kwargs.get("domain", self.domain)
# If packages are not provided, default to all installed packages, as
# DjangoTranslation without localedirs harvests them all.
packages = kwargs.get("packages", "")
packages = packages.split("+") if packages else self.packages
paths = self.get_paths(packages) if packages else None
self.translation = DjangoTranslation(locale, domain=domain, localedirs=paths)
context = self.get_context_data(**kwargs)
return self.render_to_response(context)
def get_paths(self, packages):
allowable_packages = {
app_config.name: app_config for app_config in apps.get_app_configs()
}
app_configs = [
allowable_packages[p] for p in packages if p in allowable_packages
]
if len(app_configs) < len(packages):
excluded = [p for p in packages if p not in allowable_packages]
raise ValueError(
"Invalid package(s) provided to JavaScriptCatalog: %s"
% ",".join(excluded)
)
# paths of requested packages
return [os.path.join(app.path, "locale") for app in app_configs]
@property
def _num_plurals(self):
"""
Return the number of plurals for this catalog language, or 2 if no
plural string is available.
"""
match = re.search(r"nplurals=\s*(\d+)", self._plural_string or "")
if match:
return int(match[1])
return 2
@property
def _plural_string(self):
"""
Return the plural string (including nplurals) for this catalog language,
or None if no plural string is available.
"""
if "" in self.translation._catalog:
for line in self.translation._catalog[""].split("\n"):
if line.startswith("Plural-Forms:"):
return line.split(":", 1)[1].strip()
return None
def get_plural(self):
plural = self._plural_string
if plural is not None:
# This should be a compiled function of a typical plural-form:
# Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 :
# n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2;
plural = [
el.strip()
for el in plural.split(";")
if el.strip().startswith("plural=")
][0].split("=", 1)[1]
return plural
def get_catalog(self):
pdict = {}
catalog = {}
translation = self.translation
seen_keys = set()
while True:
for key, value in translation._catalog.items():
if key == "" or key in seen_keys:
continue
if isinstance(key, str):
catalog[key] = value
elif isinstance(key, tuple):
msgid, cnt = key
pdict.setdefault(msgid, {})[cnt] = value
else:
raise TypeError(key)
seen_keys.add(key)
if translation._fallback:
translation = translation._fallback
else:
break
num_plurals = self._num_plurals
for k, v in pdict.items():
catalog[k] = [v.get(i, "") for i in range(num_plurals)]
return catalog
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
return {
"catalog": self.get_catalog(),
"formats": get_formats(),
"plural": self.get_plural(),
}
def render_to_response(self, context, **response_kwargs):
def indent(s):
return s.replace("\n", "\n ")
template = Engine().from_string(js_catalog_template)
context["catalog_str"] = (
indent(json.dumps(context["catalog"], sort_keys=True, indent=2))
if context["catalog"]
else None
)
context["formats_str"] = indent(
json.dumps(context["formats"], sort_keys=True, indent=2)
)
return HttpResponse(
template.render(Context(context)), 'text/javascript; charset="utf-8"'
)
class JSONCatalog(JavaScriptCatalog):
"""
Return the selected language catalog as a JSON object.
Receive the same parameters as JavaScriptCatalog and return a response
with a JSON object of the following format:
{
"catalog": {
# Translations catalog
},
"formats": {
# Language formats for date, time, etc.
},
"plural": '...' # Expression for plural forms, or null.
}
"""
def render_to_response(self, context, **response_kwargs):
return JsonResponse(context)

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"""
Views and functions for serving static files. These are only to be used
during development, and SHOULD NOT be used in a production setting.
"""
import mimetypes
import posixpath
from pathlib import Path
from django.http import FileResponse, Http404, HttpResponse, HttpResponseNotModified
from django.template import Context, Engine, TemplateDoesNotExist, loader
from django.utils._os import safe_join
from django.utils.http import http_date, parse_http_date
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy
def serve(request, path, document_root=None, show_indexes=False):
"""
Serve static files below a given point in the directory structure.
To use, put a URL pattern such as::
from django.views.static import serve
path('<path:path>', serve, {'document_root': '/path/to/my/files/'})
in your URLconf. You must provide the ``document_root`` param. You may
also set ``show_indexes`` to ``True`` if you'd like to serve a basic index
of the directory. This index view will use the template hardcoded below,
but if you'd like to override it, you can create a template called
``static/directory_index.html``.
"""
path = posixpath.normpath(path).lstrip("/")
fullpath = Path(safe_join(document_root, path))
if fullpath.is_dir():
if show_indexes:
return directory_index(path, fullpath)
raise Http404(_("Directory indexes are not allowed here."))
if not fullpath.exists():
raise Http404(_("“%(path)s” does not exist") % {"path": fullpath})
# Respect the If-Modified-Since header.
statobj = fullpath.stat()
if not was_modified_since(
request.META.get("HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE"), statobj.st_mtime
):
return HttpResponseNotModified()
content_type, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(str(fullpath))
content_type = content_type or "application/octet-stream"
response = FileResponse(fullpath.open("rb"), content_type=content_type)
response.headers["Last-Modified"] = http_date(statobj.st_mtime)
if encoding:
response.headers["Content-Encoding"] = encoding
return response
DEFAULT_DIRECTORY_INDEX_TEMPLATE = """
{% load i18n %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE">
<title>{% blocktranslate %}Index of {{ directory }}{% endblocktranslate %}</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{% blocktranslate %}Index of {{ directory }}{% endblocktranslate %}</h1>
<ul>
{% if directory != "/" %}
<li><a href="../">../</a></li>
{% endif %}
{% for f in file_list %}
<li><a href="{{ f|urlencode }}">{{ f }}</a></li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
"""
template_translatable = gettext_lazy("Index of %(directory)s")
def directory_index(path, fullpath):
try:
t = loader.select_template(
[
"static/directory_index.html",
"static/directory_index",
]
)
except TemplateDoesNotExist:
t = Engine(libraries={"i18n": "django.templatetags.i18n"}).from_string(
DEFAULT_DIRECTORY_INDEX_TEMPLATE
)
c = Context()
else:
c = {}
files = []
for f in fullpath.iterdir():
if not f.name.startswith("."):
url = str(f.relative_to(fullpath))
if f.is_dir():
url += "/"
files.append(url)
c.update(
{
"directory": path + "/",
"file_list": files,
}
)
return HttpResponse(t.render(c))
def was_modified_since(header=None, mtime=0):
"""
Was something modified since the user last downloaded it?
header
This is the value of the If-Modified-Since header. If this is None,
I'll just return True.
mtime
This is the modification time of the item we're talking about.
"""
try:
if header is None:
raise ValueError
header_mtime = parse_http_date(header)
if int(mtime) > header_mtime:
raise ValueError
except (ValueError, OverflowError):
return True
return False

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{% load i18n %}
<!doctype html>
{% get_current_language as LANGUAGE_CODE %}{% get_current_language_bidi as LANGUAGE_BIDI %}
<html lang="{{ LANGUAGE_CODE|default:'en-us' }}" dir="{{ LANGUAGE_BIDI|yesno:'rtl,ltr,auto' }}">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>{% translate "The install worked successfully! Congratulations!" %}</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<style>
html {
line-height: 1.15;
}
a {
color: #19865C;
}
header {
border-bottom: 1px solid #efefef;
}
body {
max-width: 960px;
color: #525252;
font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", ui-system, sans-serif;
margin: 0 auto;
}
main {
text-align: center;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, p, ul {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
font-weight: 400;
}
header {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: auto auto;
align-items: self-end;
justify-content: space-between;
gap: 7px;
padding-top: 20px;
padding-bottom: 10px;
}
.logo {
font-weight: 700;
font-size: 1.375rem;
text-decoration: none;
}
.figure {
margin-top: 19vh;
max-width: 265px;
position: relative;
z-index: -9;
overflow: visible;
}
.exhaust__line {
animation: thrust 70ms 100 ease-in-out alternate;
}
.smoke {
animation: smoke .1s 70 ease-in-out alternate;
}
@keyframes smoke {
0% {
transform: translate3d(-5px, 0, 0);
}
100% {
transform: translate3d(5px, 0, 0);
}
}
.flame {
animation: burnInner2 .1s 70 ease-in-out alternate;
}
@keyframes burnInner2 {
0% {
transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
}
100% {
transform: translate3d(0, 3px, 0);
}
}
@keyframes thrust {
0% {
opacity: 1;
}
100% {
opacity: .5;
}
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
.exhaust__line,
.smoke,
.flame {
animation: none;
}
}
h1 {
font-size: 1.375rem;
max-width: 32rem;
margin: 5px auto 0;
}
main p {
line-height: 1.25;
max-width: 26rem;
margin: 15px auto 0;
}
footer {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
gap: 5px;
padding: 25px 0;
position: fixed;
box-sizing: border-box;
left: 50%;
bottom: 0;
width: 960px;
transform: translateX(-50%);
transform-style: preserve-3d;
border-top: 1px solid #efefef;
}
.option {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: min-content 1fr;
gap: 10px;
box-sizing: border-box;
text-decoration: none;
}
.option svg {
width: 1.5rem;
height: 1.5rem;
fill: gray;
border: 1px solid #d6d6d6;
padding: 5px;
border-radius: 100%;
}
.option p {
font-weight: 300;
line-height: 1.25;
color: #525252;
display: table;
}
.option .option__heading {
color: #19865C;
font-size: 1.25rem;
font-weight: 400;
}
@media (max-width: 996px) {
body, footer {
max-width: 780px;
}
}
@media (max-width: 800px) {
footer {
height: 100%;
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
gap: 60px;
position: relative;
padding: 25px;
}
.figure {
margin-top: 10px;
}
main {
padding: 0 25px;
}
main h1 {
font-size: 1.25rem;
}
header {
grid-template-columns: 1fr;
padding-left: 20px;
padding-right: 20px;
}
footer {
width: 100%;
margin-top: 50px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 801px) and (max-height: 730px) {
.figure {
margin-top: 80px;
}
}
@media (min-width: 801px) and (max-height: 600px) {
footer {
position: relative;
margin: 135px auto 0;
}
.figure {
margin-top: 50px;
}
}
.sr-only {
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);
clip-path: inset(50%);
height: 1px;
overflow: hidden;
position: absolute;
white-space: nowrap;
width: 1px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<a class="logo" href="https://www.djangoproject.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
django
</a>
<p>{% blocktranslate %}View <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/{{ version }}/releases/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">release notes</a> for Django {{ version }}{% endblocktranslate %}</p>
</header>
<main>
<svg class="figure" viewBox="0 0 508 268" aria-hidden="true">
<path d="M305.2 156.6c0 4.6-.5 9-1.6 13.2-2.5-4.4-5.6-8.4-9.2-12-4.6-4.6-10-8.4-16-11.2 2.8-11.2 4.5-22.9 5-34.6 1.8 1.4 3.5 2.9 5 4.5 10.5 10.3 16.8 24.5 16.8 40.1zm-75-10c-6 2.8-11.4 6.6-16 11.2-3.5 3.6-6.6 7.6-9.1 12-1-4.3-1.6-8.7-1.6-13.2 0-15.7 6.3-29.9 16.6-40.1 1.6-1.6 3.3-3.1 5.1-4.5.6 11.8 2.2 23.4 5 34.6z" fill="#2E3B39" fill-rule="nonzero"/>
<path d="M282.981 152.6c16.125-48.1 6.375-104-29.25-142.6-35.625 38.5-45.25 94.5-29.25 142.6h58.5z" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="3.396" fill="#6DDCBD"/>
<path d="M271 29.7c-4.4-10.6-9.9-20.6-16.6-29.7-6.7 9-12.2 19-16.6 29.7H271z" stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="3" fill="#2E3B39"/>
<circle fill="#FFF" cx="254.3" cy="76.8" r="15.5"/>
<circle stroke="#FFF" stroke-width="7" fill="#6DDCBD" cx="254.3" cy="76.8" r="12.2"/>
<path class="smoke" d="M507.812 234.24c0-2.16-.632-4.32-1.58-6.24-3.318-6.72-11.85-11.52-21.804-11.52-1.106 0-2.212.12-3.318.24-.474-11.52-12.956-20.76-28.282-20.76-3.318 0-6.636.48-9.638 1.32-4.74-6.72-14.062-11.28-24.806-11.28-.79 0-1.58 0-2.37.12-.79 0-1.58-.12-2.37-.12-10.744 0-20.066 4.56-24.806 11.28a35.326 35.326 0 00-9.638-1.32c-15.642 0-28.282 9.6-28.282 21.48 0 1.32.158 2.76.474 3.96a26.09 26.09 0 00-4.424-.36c-8.058 0-15.01 3.12-19.118 7.8-3.476-1.68-7.742-2.76-12.324-2.76-12.008 0-21.804 7.08-22.752 15.96h-.158c-9.322 0-17.38 4.32-20.856 10.44-4.108-3.6-10.27-6-17.222-6h-1.264c-6.794 0-12.956 2.28-17.222 6-3.476-6.12-11.534-10.44-20.856-10.44h-.158c-.948-9-10.744-15.96-22.752-15.96-4.582 0-8.69.96-12.324 2.76-4.108-4.68-11.06-7.8-19.118-7.8-1.422 0-3.002.12-4.424.36.316-1.32.474-2.64.474-3.96 0-11.88-12.64-21.48-28.282-21.48-3.318 0-6.636.48-9.638 1.32-4.74-6.72-14.062-11.28-24.806-11.28-.79 0-1.58 0-2.37.12-.79 0-1.58-.12-2.37-.12-10.744 0-20.066 4.56-24.806 11.28a35.326 35.326 0 00-9.638-1.32c-15.326 0-27.808 9.24-28.282 20.76-1.106-.12-2.212-.24-3.318-.24-9.954 0-18.486 4.8-21.804 11.52-.948 1.92-1.58 4.08-1.58 6.24 0 4.8 2.528 9.12 6.636 12.36-.79 1.44-1.264 3.12-1.264 4.8 0 7.2 7.742 13.08 17.222 13.08h462.15c9.48 0 17.222-5.88 17.222-13.08 0-1.68-.474-3.36-1.264-4.8 4.582-3.24 7.11-7.56 7.11-12.36z" fill="#E6E9EE"/>
<path fill="#6DDCBD" d="M239 152h30v8h-30z"/>
<path class="exhaust__line" fill="#E6E9EE" d="M250 172h7v90h-7z"/>
<path class="flame" d="M250.27 178.834l-5.32-8.93s-2.47-5.7 3.458-6.118h10.26s6.232.266 3.306 6.194l-5.244 8.93s-3.23 4.37-6.46 0v-.076z" fill="#AA2247"/>
</svg>
<h1>{% translate "The install worked successfully! Congratulations!" %}</h1>
<p>{% blocktranslate %}You are seeing this page because <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/{{ version }}/ref/settings/#debug" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DEBUG=True</a> is in your settings file and you have not configured any URLs.{% endblocktranslate %}</p>
</main>
<footer>
<a class="option" href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/{{ version }}/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true">
<path d="M9 21c0 .55.45 1 1 1h4c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-1H9v1zm3-19C8.14 2 5 5.14 5 9c0 2.38 1.19 4.47 3 5.74V17c0 .55.45 1 1 1h6c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-2.26c1.81-1.27 3-3.36 3-5.74 0-3.86-3.14-7-7-7zm2.85 11.1l-.85.6V16h-4v-2.3l-.85-.6A4.997 4.997 0 017 9c0-2.76 2.24-5 5-5s5 2.24 5 5c0 1.63-.8 3.16-2.15 4.1z"></path>
</svg>
<p>
<span class="option__heading">{% translate "Django Documentation" %}</span><span class="sr-only">.</span><br>
{% translate 'Topics, references, &amp; how-to’s' %}
</p>
</a>
<a class="option" href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/{{ version }}/intro/tutorial01/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true">
<path d="M9.4 16.6L4.8 12l4.6-4.6L8 6l-6 6 6 6 1.4-1.4zm5.2 0l4.6-4.6-4.6-4.6L16 6l6 6-6 6-1.4-1.4z"></path>
</svg>
<p>
<span class="option__heading">{% translate "Tutorial: A Polling App" %}</span><span class="sr-only">.</span><br>
{% translate "Get started with Django" %}
</p>
</a>
<a class="option" href="https://www.djangoproject.com/community/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">
<svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" aria-hidden="true">
<path d="M16.5 13c-1.2 0-3.07.34-4.5 1-1.43-.67-3.3-1-4.5-1C5.33 13 1 14.08 1 16.25V19h22v-2.75c0-2.17-4.33-3.25-6.5-3.25zm-4 4.5h-10v-1.25c0-.54 2.56-1.75 5-1.75s5 1.21 5 1.75v1.25zm9 0H14v-1.25c0-.46-.2-.86-.52-1.22.88-.3 1.96-.53 3.02-.53 2.44 0 5 1.21 5 1.75v1.25zM7.5 12c1.93 0 3.5-1.57 3.5-3.5S9.43 5 7.5 5 4 6.57 4 8.5 5.57 12 7.5 12zm0-5.5c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2zm9 5.5c1.93 0 3.5-1.57 3.5-3.5S18.43 5 16.5 5 13 6.57 13 8.5s1.57 3.5 3.5 3.5zm0-5.5c1.1 0 2 .9 2 2s-.9 2-2 2-2-.9-2-2 .9-2 2-2z"></path>
</svg>
<p>
<span class="option__heading">{% translate "Django Community" %}</span><span class="sr-only">.</span><br>
{% translate "Connect, get help, or contribute" %}
</p>
</a>
</footer>
</body>
</html>

82
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Page not found at {{ request.path_info }}</title>
<meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE">
<style type="text/css">
html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
body * { padding:10px 20px; }
body * * { padding:0; }
body { font:small sans-serif; background:#eee; color:#000; }
body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
h1 { font-weight:normal; margin-bottom:.4em; }
h1 span { font-size:60%; color:#666; font-weight:normal; }
table { border:none; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; }
td, th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }
th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }
#info { background:#f6f6f6; }
#info ol { margin: 0.5em 4em; }
#info ol li { font-family: monospace; }
#summary { background: #ffc; }
#explanation { background:#eee; border-bottom: 0px none; }
pre.exception_value { font-family: sans-serif; color: #575757; font-size: 1.5em; margin: 10px 0 10px 0; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="summary">
<h1>Page not found <span>(404)</span></h1>
{% if reason and resolved %}<pre class="exception_value">{{ reason }}</pre>{% endif %}
<table class="meta">
<tr>
<th>Request Method:</th>
<td>{{ request.META.REQUEST_METHOD }}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Request URL:</th>
<td>{{ request.build_absolute_uri }}</td>
</tr>
{% if raising_view_name %}
<tr>
<th>Raised by:</th>
<td>{{ raising_view_name }}</td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
</table>
</div>
<div id="info">
{% if urlpatterns %}
<p>
Using the URLconf defined in <code>{{ urlconf }}</code>,
Django tried these URL patterns, in this order:
</p>
<ol>
{% for pattern in urlpatterns %}
<li>
{% for pat in pattern %}
{{ pat.pattern }}
{% if forloop.last and pat.name %}[name='{{ pat.name }}']{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ol>
<p>
{% if request_path %}
The current path, <code>{{ request_path }}</code>,
{% else %}
The empty path
{% endif %}
{% if resolved %}matched the last one.{% else %}didn’t match any of these.{% endif %}
</p>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div id="explanation">
<p>
You’re seeing this error because you have <code>DEBUG = True</code> in
your Django settings file. Change that to <code>False</code>, and Django
will display a standard 404 page.
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

491
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="robots" content="NONE,NOARCHIVE">
<title>{% if exception_type %}{{ exception_type }}{% else %}Report{% endif %}
{% if request %} at {{ request.path_info }}{% endif %}</title>
<style type="text/css">
html * { padding:0; margin:0; }
body * { padding:10px 20px; }
body * * { padding:0; }
body { font:small sans-serif; background-color:#fff; color:#000; }
body>div { border-bottom:1px solid #ddd; }
h1 { font-weight:normal; }
h2 { margin-bottom:.8em; }
h3 { margin:1em 0 .5em 0; }
h4 { margin:0 0 .5em 0; font-weight: normal; }
code, pre { font-size: 100%; white-space: pre-wrap; word-break: break-word; }
summary { cursor: pointer; }
table { border:1px solid #ccc; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%; background:white; }
tbody td, tbody th { vertical-align:top; padding:2px 3px; }
thead th {
padding:1px 6px 1px 3px; background:#fefefe; text-align:left;
font-weight:normal; font-size:11px; border:1px solid #ddd;
}
tbody th { width:12em; text-align:right; color:#666; padding-right:.5em; }
table.vars { margin:5px 10px 2px 40px; width: auto; }
table.vars td, table.req td { font-family:monospace; }
table td.code { width:100%; }
table td.code pre { overflow:hidden; }
table.source th { color:#666; }
table.source td { font-family:monospace; white-space:pre; border-bottom:1px solid #eee; }
ul.traceback { list-style-type:none; color: #222; }
ul.traceback li.cause { word-break: break-word; }
ul.traceback li.frame { padding-bottom:1em; color:#4f4f4f; }
ul.traceback li.user { background-color:#e0e0e0; color:#000 }
div.context { padding:10px 0; overflow:hidden; }
div.context ol { padding-left:30px; margin:0 10px; list-style-position: inside; }
div.context ol li { font-family:monospace; white-space:pre; color:#777; cursor:pointer; padding-left: 2px; }
div.context ol li pre { display:inline; }
div.context ol.context-line li { color:#464646; background-color:#dfdfdf; padding: 3px 2px; }
div.context ol.context-line li span { position:absolute; right:32px; }
.user div.context ol.context-line li { background-color:#bbb; color:#000; }
.user div.context ol li { color:#666; }
div.commands, summary.commands { margin-left: 40px; }
div.commands a, summary.commands { color:#555; text-decoration:none; }
.user div.commands a { color: black; }
#summary { background: #ffc; }
#summary h2 { font-weight: normal; color: #666; }
#explanation { background:#eee; }
#template, #template-not-exist { background:#f6f6f6; }
#template-not-exist ul { margin: 0 0 10px 20px; }
#template-not-exist .postmortem-section { margin-bottom: 3px; }
#unicode-hint { background:#eee; }
#traceback { background:#eee; }
#requestinfo { background:#f6f6f6; padding-left:120px; }
#summary table { border:none; background:transparent; }
#requestinfo h2, #requestinfo h3 { position:relative; margin-left:-100px; }
#requestinfo h3 { margin-bottom:-1em; }
.error { background: #ffc; }
.specific { color:#cc3300; font-weight:bold; }
h2 span.commands { font-size:.7em; font-weight:normal; }
span.commands a:link {color:#5E5694;}
pre.exception_value { font-family: sans-serif; color: #575757; font-size: 1.5em; margin: 10px 0 10px 0; }
.append-bottom { margin-bottom: 10px; }
.fname { user-select: all; }
</style>
{% if not is_email %}
<script>
function hideAll(elems) {
for (var e = 0; e < elems.length; e++) {
elems[e].style.display = 'none';
}
}
window.onload = function() {
hideAll(document.querySelectorAll('ol.pre-context'));
hideAll(document.querySelectorAll('ol.post-context'));
hideAll(document.querySelectorAll('div.pastebin'));
}
function toggle() {
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {
var e = document.getElementById(arguments[i]);
if (e) {
e.style.display = e.style.display == 'none' ? 'block': 'none';
}
}
return false;
}
function switchPastebinFriendly(link) {
s1 = "Switch to copy-and-paste view";
s2 = "Switch back to interactive view";
link.textContent = link.textContent.trim() == s1 ? s2: s1;
toggle('browserTraceback', 'pastebinTraceback');
return false;
}
</script>
{% endif %}
</head>
<body>
<div id="summary">
<h1>{% if exception_type %}{{ exception_type }}{% else %}Report{% endif %}
{% if request %} at {{ request.path_info }}{% endif %}</h1>
<pre class="exception_value">{% if exception_value %}{{ exception_value|force_escape }}{% if exception_notes %}{{ exception_notes }}{% endif %}{% else %}No exception message supplied{% endif %}</pre>
<table class="meta">
{% if request %}
<tr>
<th>Request Method:</th>
<td>{{ request.META.REQUEST_METHOD }}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Request URL:</th>
<td>{{ request_insecure_uri }}</td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
<tr>
<th>Django Version:</th>
<td>{{ django_version_info }}</td>
</tr>
{% if exception_type %}
<tr>
<th>Exception Type:</th>
<td>{{ exception_type }}</td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
{% if exception_type and exception_value %}
<tr>
<th>Exception Value:</th>
<td><pre>{{ exception_value|force_escape }}</pre></td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
{% if lastframe %}
<tr>
<th>Exception Location:</th>
<td><span class="fname">{{ lastframe.filename }}</span>, line {{ lastframe.lineno }}, in {{ lastframe.function }}</td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
{% if raising_view_name %}
<tr>
<th>Raised during:</th>
<td>{{ raising_view_name }}</td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
<tr>
<th>Python Executable:</th>
<td>{{ sys_executable }}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Python Version:</th>
<td>{{ sys_version_info }}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Python Path:</th>
<td><pre>{{ sys_path|pprint }}</pre></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Server time:</th>
<td>{{server_time|date:"r"}}</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
{% if unicode_hint %}
<div id="unicode-hint">
<h2>Unicode error hint</h2>
<p>The string that could not be encoded/decoded was: <strong>{{ unicode_hint }}</strong></p>
</div>
{% endif %}
{% if template_does_not_exist %}
<div id="template-not-exist">
<h2>Template-loader postmortem</h2>
{% if postmortem %}
<p class="append-bottom">Django tried loading these templates, in this order:</p>
{% for entry in postmortem %}
<p class="postmortem-section">Using engine <code>{{ entry.backend.name }}</code>:</p>
<ul>
{% if entry.tried %}
{% for attempt in entry.tried %}
<li><code>{{ attempt.0.loader_name }}</code>: {{ attempt.0.name }} ({{ attempt.1 }})</li>
{% endfor %}
{% else %}
<li>This engine did not provide a list of tried templates.</li>
{% endif %}
</ul>
{% endfor %}
{% else %}
<p>No templates were found because your 'TEMPLATES' setting is not configured.</p>
{% endif %}
</div>
{% endif %}
{% if template_info %}
<div id="template">
<h2>Error during template rendering</h2>
<p>In template <code>{{ template_info.name }}</code>, error at line <strong>{{ template_info.line }}</strong></p>
<h3>{{ template_info.message|force_escape }}</h3>
<table class="source{% if template_info.top %} cut-top{% endif %}
{% if template_info.bottom != template_info.total %} cut-bottom{% endif %}">
{% for source_line in template_info.source_lines %}
{% if source_line.0 == template_info.line %}
<tr class="error"><th>{{ source_line.0 }}</th>
<td>{{ template_info.before }}<span class="specific">{{ template_info.during }}</span>{{ template_info.after }}</td>
</tr>
{% else %}
<tr><th>{{ source_line.0 }}</th>
<td>{{ source_line.1 }}</td></tr>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</table>
</div>
{% endif %}
{% if frames %}
<div id="traceback">
<h2>Traceback{% if not is_email %} <span class="commands"><a href="#" onclick="return switchPastebinFriendly(this);">
Switch to copy-and-paste view</a></span>{% endif %}
</h2>
<div id="browserTraceback">
<ul class="traceback">
{% for frame in frames %}
{% ifchanged frame.exc_cause %}{% if frame.exc_cause %}
<li class="cause"><h3>
{% if frame.exc_cause_explicit %}
The above exception ({{ frame.exc_cause|force_escape }}) was the direct cause of the following exception:
{% else %}
During handling of the above exception ({{ frame.exc_cause|force_escape }}), another exception occurred:
{% endif %}
</h3></li>
{% endif %}{% endifchanged %}
<li class="frame {{ frame.type }}">
{% if frame.tb %}
<code class="fname">{{ frame.filename }}</code>, line {{ frame.lineno }}, in {{ frame.function }}
{% elif forloop.first %}
None
{% else %}
Traceback: None
{% endif %}
{% if frame.context_line %}
<div class="context" id="c{{ frame.id }}">
{% if frame.pre_context and not is_email %}
<ol start="{{ frame.pre_context_lineno }}" class="pre-context" id="pre{{ frame.id }}">
{% for line in frame.pre_context %}
<li onclick="toggle('pre{{ frame.id }}', 'post{{ frame.id }}')"><pre>{{ line }}</pre></li>
{% endfor %}
</ol>
{% endif %}
<ol start="{{ frame.lineno }}" class="context-line">
<li onclick="toggle('pre{{ frame.id }}', 'post{{ frame.id }}')"><pre>{{ frame.context_line }}{{ frame.colno }}</pre>{% if not is_email %} <span>…</span>{% endif %}</li>
</ol>
{% if frame.post_context and not is_email %}
<ol start='{{ frame.lineno|add:"1" }}' class="post-context" id="post{{ frame.id }}">
{% for line in frame.post_context %}
<li onclick="toggle('pre{{ frame.id }}', 'post{{ frame.id }}')"><pre>{{ line }}</pre></li>
{% endfor %}
</ol>
{% endif %}
</div>
{% endif %}
{% if frame.vars %}
{% if is_email %}
<div class="commands">
<h2>Local Vars</h2>
</div>
{% else %}
<details>
<summary class="commands">Local vars</summary>
{% endif %}
<table class="vars" id="v{{ frame.id }}">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Variable</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for var in frame.vars|dictsort:0 %}
<tr>
<td>{{ var.0 }}</td>
<td class="code"><pre>{{ var.1 }}</pre></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% if not is_email %}</details>{% endif %}
{% endif %}
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</div>
{% if not is_email %}
<form action="https://dpaste.com/" name="pasteform" id="pasteform" method="post">
<div id="pastebinTraceback" class="pastebin">
<input type="hidden" name="language" value="PythonConsole">
<input type="hidden" name="title"
value="{{ exception_type }}{% if request %} at {{ request.path_info }}{% endif %}">
<input type="hidden" name="source" value="Django Dpaste Agent">
<input type="hidden" name="poster" value="Django">
<textarea name="content" id="traceback_area" cols="140" rows="25">
Environment:
{% if request %}
Request Method: {{ request.META.REQUEST_METHOD }}
Request URL: {{ request_insecure_uri }}
{% endif %}
Django Version: {{ django_version_info }}
Python Version: {{ sys_version_info }}
Installed Applications:
{{ settings.INSTALLED_APPS|pprint }}
Installed Middleware:
{{ settings.MIDDLEWARE|pprint }}
{% if template_does_not_exist %}Template loader postmortem
{% if postmortem %}Django tried loading these templates, in this order:
{% for entry in postmortem %}
Using engine {{ entry.backend.name }}:
{% if entry.tried %}{% for attempt in entry.tried %} * {{ attempt.0.loader_name }}: {{ attempt.0.name }} ({{ attempt.1 }})
{% endfor %}{% else %} This engine did not provide a list of tried templates.
{% endif %}{% endfor %}
{% else %}No templates were found because your 'TEMPLATES' setting is not configured.
{% endif %}{% endif %}{% if template_info %}
Template error:
In template {{ template_info.name }}, error at line {{ template_info.line }}
{{ template_info.message|force_escape }}
{% for source_line in template_info.source_lines %}{% if source_line.0 == template_info.line %} {{ source_line.0 }} : {{ template_info.before }} {{ template_info.during }} {{ template_info.after }}{% else %} {{ source_line.0 }} : {{ source_line.1 }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}{% endif %}
Traceback (most recent call last):{% for frame in frames %}
{% ifchanged frame.exc_cause %}{% if frame.exc_cause %}{% if frame.exc_cause_explicit %}
The above exception ({{ frame.exc_cause|force_escape }}) was the direct cause of the following exception:
{% else %}
During handling of the above exception ({{ frame.exc_cause|force_escape }}), another exception occurred:
{% endif %}{% endif %}{% endifchanged %} {% if frame.tb %}File "{{ frame.filename }}"{% if frame.context_line %}, line {{ frame.lineno }}{% endif %}, in {{ frame.function }}
{% if frame.context_line %} {% spaceless %}{{ frame.context_line }}{% endspaceless %}{{ frame.tb_area_colno }}{% endif %}{% elif forloop.first %}None{% else %}Traceback: None{% endif %}{% endfor %}
Exception Type: {{ exception_type }}{% if request %} at {{ request.path_info }}{% endif %}
Exception Value: {{ exception_value|force_escape }}{% if exception_notes %}{{ exception_notes }}{% endif %}
</textarea>
<br><br>
<input type="submit" value="Share this traceback on a public website">
</div>
</form>
{% endif %}
</div>
{% endif %}
<div id="requestinfo">
<h2>Request information</h2>
{% if request %}
{% if user_str %}
<h3 id="user-info">USER</h3>
<p>{{ user_str }}</p>
{% endif %}
<h3 id="get-info">GET</h3>
{% if request.GET %}
<table class="req">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Variable</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for k, v in request_GET_items %}
<tr>
<td>{{ k }}</td>
<td class="code"><pre>{{ v|pprint }}</pre></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% else %}
<p>No GET data</p>
{% endif %}
<h3 id="post-info">POST</h3>
{% if filtered_POST_items %}
<table class="req">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Variable</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for k, v in filtered_POST_items %}
<tr>
<td>{{ k }}</td>
<td class="code"><pre>{{ v|pprint }}</pre></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% else %}
<p>No POST data</p>
{% endif %}
<h3 id="files-info">FILES</h3>
{% if request.FILES %}
<table class="req">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Variable</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for k, v in request_FILES_items %}
<tr>
<td>{{ k }}</td>
<td class="code"><pre>{{ v|pprint }}</pre></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% else %}
<p>No FILES data</p>
{% endif %}
<h3 id="cookie-info">COOKIES</h3>
{% if request.COOKIES %}
<table class="req">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Variable</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for k, v in request_COOKIES_items %}
<tr>
<td>{{ k }}</td>
<td class="code"><pre>{{ v|pprint }}</pre></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% else %}
<p>No cookie data</p>
{% endif %}
<h3 id="meta-info">META</h3>
<table class="req">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Variable</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for k, v in request_meta.items|dictsort:0 %}
<tr>
<td>{{ k }}</td>
<td class="code"><pre>{{ v|pprint }}</pre></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% else %}
<p>Request data not supplied</p>
{% endif %}
<h3 id="settings-info">Settings</h3>
<h4>Using settings module <code>{{ settings.SETTINGS_MODULE }}</code></h4>
<table class="req">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Setting</th>
<th>Value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for k, v in settings.items|dictsort:0 %}
<tr>
<td>{{ k }}</td>
<td class="code"><pre>{{ v|pprint }}</pre></td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
{% if not is_email %}
<div id="explanation">
<p>
You’re seeing this error because you have <code>DEBUG = True</code> in your
Django settings file. Change that to <code>False</code>, and Django will
display a standard page generated by the handler for this status code.
</p>
</div>
{% endif %}
</body>
</html>

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{% firstof exception_type 'Report' %}{% if request %} at {{ request.path_info }}{% endif %}
{% firstof exception_value 'No exception message supplied' %}
{% if request %}
Request Method: {{ request.META.REQUEST_METHOD }}
Request URL: {{ request_insecure_uri }}{% endif %}
Django Version: {{ django_version_info }}
Python Executable: {{ sys_executable }}
Python Version: {{ sys_version_info }}
Python Path: {{ sys_path }}
Server time: {{server_time|date:"r"}}
Installed Applications:
{{ settings.INSTALLED_APPS|pprint }}
Installed Middleware:
{{ settings.MIDDLEWARE|pprint }}
{% if template_does_not_exist %}Template loader postmortem
{% if postmortem %}Django tried loading these templates, in this order:
{% for entry in postmortem %}
Using engine {{ entry.backend.name }}:
{% if entry.tried %}{% for attempt in entry.tried %} * {{ attempt.0.loader_name }}: {{ attempt.0.name }} ({{ attempt.1 }})
{% endfor %}{% else %} This engine did not provide a list of tried templates.
{% endif %}{% endfor %}
{% else %}No templates were found because your 'TEMPLATES' setting is not configured.
{% endif %}
{% endif %}{% if template_info %}
Template error:
In template {{ template_info.name }}, error at line {{ template_info.line }}
{{ template_info.message }}
{% for source_line in template_info.source_lines %}{% if source_line.0 == template_info.line %} {{ source_line.0 }} : {{ template_info.before }} {{ template_info.during }} {{ template_info.after }}{% else %} {{ source_line.0 }} : {{ source_line.1 }}{% endif %}{% endfor %}{% endif %}{% if frames %}
Traceback (most recent call last):
{% for frame in frames %}{% ifchanged frame.exc_cause %}{% if frame.exc_cause %}
{% if frame.exc_cause_explicit %}The above exception ({{ frame.exc_cause }}) was the direct cause of the following exception:{% else %}During handling of the above exception ({{ frame.exc_cause }}), another exception occurred:{% endif %}
{% endif %}{% endifchanged %} {% if frame.tb %}File "{{ frame.filename }}"{% if frame.context_line %}, line {{ frame.lineno }}{% endif %}, in {{ frame.function }}
{% if frame.context_line %} {% spaceless %}{{ frame.context_line }}{% endspaceless %}{{ frame.tb_area_colno }}{% endif %}{% elif forloop.first %}None{% else %}Traceback: None{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
{% if exception_type %}Exception Type: {{ exception_type }}{% if request %} at {{ request.path_info }}{% endif %}
{% if exception_value %}Exception Value: {{ exception_value }}{% endif %}{% if exception_notes %}{{ exception_notes }}{% endif %}{% endif %}{% endif %}
{% if raising_view_name %}Raised during: {{ raising_view_name }}{% endif %}
{% if request %}Request information:
{% if user_str %}USER: {{ user_str }}{% endif %}
GET:{% for k, v in request_GET_items %}
{{ k }} = {{ v|stringformat:"r" }}{% empty %} No GET data{% endfor %}
POST:{% for k, v in filtered_POST_items %}
{{ k }} = {{ v|stringformat:"r" }}{% empty %} No POST data{% endfor %}
FILES:{% for k, v in request_FILES_items %}
{{ k }} = {{ v|stringformat:"r" }}{% empty %} No FILES data{% endfor %}
COOKIES:{% for k, v in request_COOKIES_items %}
{{ k }} = {{ v|stringformat:"r" }}{% empty %} No cookie data{% endfor %}
META:{% for k, v in request_meta.items|dictsort:0 %}
{{ k }} = {{ v|stringformat:"r" }}{% endfor %}
{% else %}Request data not supplied
{% endif %}
Settings:
Using settings module {{ settings.SETTINGS_MODULE }}{% for k, v in settings.items|dictsort:0 %}
{{ k }} = {{ v|stringformat:"r" }}{% endfor %}
{% if not is_email %}
You’re seeing this error because you have DEBUG = True in your
Django settings file. Change that to False, and Django will
display a standard page generated by the handler for this status code.
{% endif %}